The banks’ response to their changes in leverage ratios is examined and evaluated in this paper. This reaction can be interpreted as if the coefficient of total debts to equity (lev1) and total assets to equity (lev2) are positive as anticipated in the banking network of Iran. The paper uses data from 31 Iranian banks’ annual databases during the course of 2006-13 in order to estimate an empiri...

â â â â â â â â â â â  â  abstract â  the foreign exchange market (fx market) accounts for 40% of the total volume of the world’s e-commerce by its own. based on statistics, sometimes up to 90 per cent of the traders lose their total capital in this market just within six months to one year and leave this market. the probability of loss in the fx market can be estimated by probability theory....

Wealth distribution has always been an important issue in our economic and social life, since it affects the harmony and stabilization of the society. Under the background of widely used financial tools to raise leverage these years, we studied the leverage effect on wealth distribution of a population in a controllable laboratory market in which we have conducted several human experiments, and...

The least squares linear regression estimator is well-known to be highly sensitive to unusual observations in the data, and as a result many more robust estimators have been proposed as alternatives. One of the earliest proposals was least-sum of absolute deviations (LAD) regression, where the regression coefficients are estimated through minimization of the sum of the absolute values of the re...

HAC estimators are known to produce test statistics that reject too frequently in finite samples. One neglected reason comes from using the OLS residuals when constructing the HAC estimator. If the regression matrix contains high leverage points, such as from outliers, then the OLS residuals will be negatively biased. This reduces the variance of the OLS residuals and the HAC estimator takes th...

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, kepemilikan asing, dan leverage terhadap Earning Response Coefficient (ERC) pada perusahaan manufaktur sub sektor consumer goods yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Periode waktu digunakan adalah 5 tahun yaitu periode 2016-2020. Populasi Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Berdasarkan ...