The rapidly growing world energy use has already raised concerns over energy resources and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Since the global contribution from residential buildings towards energy consumption, has steadily increased between 20% and 40% and as large openings have considerable energy and heat loss in dwellings, this paper establishes a coefficient of heat loss and air infiltration ...

the natural ventilation is an easy way to exchange the indoor polluted warm air with outdoor fresh air. the wind power injects outdoor fresh air into the building. a good indoor air current and subsequently a proper exhaust depend on the openings’ conditions and their situations. a serious architectural question is under what conditions of the openings the wind-cross ventilation can be effectiv...

Large structuring elements are used in many morphological transformations. They are needed when computing size distributions, in filtering operators (and especially in alternate sequential filters), for regularised gradients and large top-hat transforms, for residual operators (skeletons by openings, critical balls, ultimate openings and so on). Moreover, in some applications, images are large ...

After a short description of the physical phenomena involved, unified expressions are worked out describing net airflow and net heat flow through large vertical openings between stratified zones. These formulae are based on those of Cockroft for bidirectional flow, but are more general in the sense that they apply to situations of unidirectional flow as well. The expressions are compatible with...

Single Ca*+-channel currents in bovine adrenal chromaffin ceils were studied with the patch-clamp technique using Ba2+ as the charge carrier. Depolarizing pulses to voltages less than + 10 mV from holding voltage of -60 mV elicited short openings with a mean life time of less than 1 msec. Depolarization to more positive voltages elicited longer openings with a mean life time of about 3 msec in ...

At the design stage of beams, openings for service ducts are rarely taking into consideration. The introduction have negative effects on strength characteristics hence focus this research is to investigate effect large ultimate load reinforced concrete beams produced from locally available materials. A total ten were cast using 20.8 N/mm² grade. cross-sectional dimensions 100mm x 150mm and 1000...

Among the different geometrical parameters to be chosen during design of axial flux permanent magnet synchronous machines, the width of the stator slot openings near the air gap is an important parameter: it has a major influence on the power loss in the stator core and in the permanent magnets on the two rotors of the studied type of axial flux machines. Moreover, the stator slot openings para...