the aim of the present paper is to study the status of the short vowels /i/ and /u/ in five selected iranian balochi dialects. these dialects are spoken in sistan (si), saravan (sa), khash (kh), iranshahr (ir), and chabahar (ch) regions located in province sistan va baluchestan in the southeast of iran. this study investigates whether these two vowels have the same qualities as the short /i/ an...

in rural tanzania, recent major influences happen between kiswahili and english to ethnic languages rather than ethnic languages, which had been in contact for so long, influencing each other. in this work, i report the results of investigation of lexical changes in indigenous languages that aimed at examining how ethnic communities and their languages, namely cushitic iraqw, nilotic datooga, n...

This paper presents a simple model of linguistic priming between languages in contact, based on the utterance selection model (USM) for language change of Baxter et al. (2006). It will be shown that the emergence or the non-emergence of a new contact language depends on the way potentially bilingual agents choose a language to communicate.

a foreign language teaching method is supposed to take into account the real communicative needs of the foreign language learner. using literary texts is a suitable way not only to teach a foreign language but to consider particular facts that relate to human and cultural needs of learners. using the humanistic-oriented literary texts as an authentic document in the foreign language course allo...

In this paper, we consider mood selection in embedded clauses by focusing on a German-based minority language, Cimbrian, which is spoken northern Italian enclave. Mood Cimbrian relies the presence of two different complementizers, az and ke (the latter being borrowed from Romance varieties), each selectively require specific mood. Az selects subjunctive modal sentences introduced non-factive ve...