The LolCDE complex is an ATP-binding cassette transporter that mediates the release of newly synthesized lipoproteins from the cytoplasmic membrane of gram-negative bacteria, which results in the initiation of outer-membrane sorting of lipoproteins through the Lol pathway. LolCDE is composed of one copy each of membrane subunits LolC and LolE, and two copies of nucleotide-binding subunit LolD. ...

ATP-binding cassette transporter LolCDE was previously identified, by using reconstituted proteoliposomes, as an apparatus catalyzing the release of outer membrane-specific lipoproteins from the inner membrane of Escherichia coli. Mutations resulting in defective LolD were previously shown to be lethal for E. coli. The amino acid sequences of LolC and LolE are similar to each other, but the nec...

When evaluating the capacity of a generation park to cover the load in transmission systems, traditional Loss of Load Expectation (LOLE) and Expected Energy not Served (EENS) indices can be used. If those indices allow computing the annual duration and severity of load non covering situations, they do not take into account the fact that the load excess is generally shifted from one penury state...

OBJECTIVES Communication of relevant prognostic information is critical in helping patients understand the implications of their cancer diagnosis. We describe measures of prognosis to help communicate relevant prognostic information to improve patients' understanding of the implications of their cancer diagnosis. SETTING Australia-wide population-based cancer registry cohort. PARTICIPANTS 8...

The paper presents a simplified approach to evaluate the risk index whose minimization results in the enhancement of power system reliability. The risk indices evaluated in the paper includes mainly LOLP (loss of load probability) and LOLE (loss of load expectation) with more emphasis on LOLE as it indicates the expected number of days in the specified periods in which the daily peak load will ...

Significant amounts of wind power are being integrated into power grids in recent years. However, due to intermittent characteristic of wind power, it is usually difficult to determine the appropriate penetration level to ensure a specified reliability requirement. For this purpose, the proper calculation of wind power capacity credit (WPCC) is of particular importance which is useful in both p...

Given the substitution process of generators using renewable energy sources instead of conventional generators in modern power systems, this paper proposes a Monte Carlo based method to determine an optimal level of this change. At first, LOLE index of the system was calculated without wind power to obtain the reference index. Then, the wind turbine units are replaced with the conventional gene...

In generation expansion planning, reliability level is the key criterion to ensure enough above peak demand in case there are any outages. This must be appropriately optimized provide a reliable system with minimum cost. Currently, method determine an optimal mainly focused on reserve margin, accustomed used by several utilities. However, Loss of Load Expectation (LOLE) more suitable for high p...

Department of Applied Economics and Management and School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell University Abstract The two basic criteria used by the North-American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) to measure reliability are 1) “Adequacy” (to ensure that the installed capacity of the supply system is sufficient to meet projected future loads and limit the Loss of Load Expectation (...