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Search log sessions contain a large number of paraphrases contributed by users during query rewriting. However, it is a big challenge to distinguish paraphrases from the simply related queries in the sessions. This paper addresses this problem by making innovative use of user behavior information embodied in query sessions. Specifically, we learn paraphrase patterns from the search log sessions...

The interaction between reduced Anabaena ferredoxin and oxidized ferredoxin:NADP(+) reductase (FNR), which occurs during photosynthetic electron transfer (ET), has been investigated extensively in the authors' laboratories using transient and steady-state kinetic measurements and X-ray crystallography. The effect of a large number of site-specific mutations in both proteins has been assessed. M...

A M182T substitution was discovered as a second-site suppressor of a missense mutation in TEM-1 b-lactamase. The combination of the M182T substitution with other substitutions in the enzyme indicates the M182T substitution is a global suppressor of missense mutations in b-lactamase. The M182T substitution also is found in natural variants of TEM-1 b-lactamase with altered substrate specificity ...

We use the method developed by Elnahhas and Johnson [“On enhancement of boundary layer skin friction turbulence: An angular momentum approach,” J. Fluid Mech. 940, A36 (2022)] Xu et al. [“Decomposition skin-friction coefficient compressible layers,” Phys. Fluids 35, 035107 (2023)] for decomposition to integrate mean temperature equation high-Reynolds-number layers arrive at an identity wall-hea...

This investigation characterises the time response and transient turbulence dynamics undergone by rapidly decelerating turbulent pipe flows. A series of direct numerical simulations flows between two steady Reynolds numbers were conducted for this purpose. The statistical analyses reveal that undergo four coherent, unambiguous transitional stages: inertial (stage I), a dramatic change sign in v...

Turbulence enhances the wall shear stress in boundary layers, significantly increasing drag on streamlined bodies. Other flow features such as free stream pressure gradients and streamwise layer growth also strongly influence local skin friction. In this paper, an angular momentum integral (AMI) equation is introduced to quantify these effects by representing them torques that alter shape of me...