نتایج جستجو برای: L65

تعداد نتایج: 60  

Journal: :American journal of hypertension 2009
Vibha Bhatnagar Daniel T O'Connor Victoria H Brophy Nicholas J Schork Erin Richard Rany M Salem Caroline M Nievergelt George L Bakris John P Middleton Keith C Norris Jackson Wright Leena Hiremath Gabriel Contreras Lawrence J Appel Michael S Lipkowitz

BACKGROUND African Americans have a disproportionate burden of hypertension and comorbid disease. Pharmacogenetic markers of blood pressure response have yet to be defined clearly. This study explores the association between G-protein-coupled receptor kinase type 4 (GRK4) variants and blood pressure response to metoprolol among African Americans with early hypertensive nephrosclerosis. METHOD...

2018
Haixia Zhang Muhammad Ahmad Khan Di Zhang Xiao Qin Ding Lin Lin Li

Background The changes in corneal biomechanical properties after LASIK remain an unknown but important topic for surgical design and prognostic evaluation. This study aims to observe the postoperative corneal biomechanical properties one month after LASIK with amount of corneal cutting (ACC) greater than 50% of the central corneal thickness (CCT). Methods FS-LASIK was performed in 10 left rab...

2008
Guido Buenstorf Steven Klepper

We use new data on the location and background of entrants into the US tyre industry to analyse why the industry became so regionally concentrated around Akron, Ohio, a small city with no compelling advantages for tyre production. We analyse where the Ohio entrants originated and conduct various analyses of how proximity to other tyre firms affected the longevity of tyre producers. We also exam...

2002
Iain M. Cockburn Rebecca M. Henderson Scott Stern Robert Gibbons Tom Hubbard Jonathan Levin Dan Levinthal Fiona Scott Morton David Mowery

When effort is multi-dimensional, firms will optimally “balance” the provision of incentives. Setting high-powered incentives along one dimension raises the returns to providing high-powered incentives along other dimensions which compete for the worker’s effort and/or attention (Holmstrom and Milgrom, 1991). We test for this effect in the context of for-profit pharmaceutical laboratories using...

2006
Oleg Badunenko

This version of September 3, 2006. German chemical manufacturing industry is marked by two major structural changes during 1992–2004. Firstly, number of firms was ranging extensively: from 676 to 901, while only 96 firms represented balanced panel. Secondly, size of the firm dropped considerably—by 88%. This paper is intended to shed light on both phenomena. Based on reliable census data analys...

2016
Duncan S. Gilchrist

This paper examines how an incumbent’s patent protection acts as an implicit subsidy toward non-infringing substitutes. I analyze whether classes of pharmaceuticals whose first entrant has a longer period of market exclusivity (time between approval and generic entry) see more subsequent entry. Instrumenting for exclusivity using plausibly exogenous delays in the development process, I find tha...

2003
Patricia M. Danzon Jonathan D. Ketcham

This paper describes three prototypical systems of therapeutic reference pricing (RP) for pharmaceuticals -Germany, the Netherlands, and New Zealand -and examines their effects on the availability of new drugs; manufacturer prices, reimbursement levels, and out-of-pocket surcharges to patients; and market shares of originator and generic products. The results differ across countries in predicta...

2004
David Greenaway Zhihong Yu Richard Kneller

This paper investigates interactions between exporting and productivity at the firm level, using a panel of firms in the UK chemical industry. This is both highly technology intensive and the UK’s largest exporting sector. We find exporters are more productive than non-exporters, but are also on average smaller. This superior productivity performance among exporters appears to be caused by both...

2007
Oleg Badunenko

This version of January 26, 2007. German chemical manufacturing industry experienced a major downsizing during 1992–2004. On the average, size of the firm almost halved. Using modern frontier efficiency analysis, this paper investigates technical and scale efficiency of firms. Based on reliable census data, analysis suggests that firms were not primarily concerned with improving technical effic...

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