Premature combustion that affects outputs, thermal efficiencies and lifetimes of internal combustion engine is called “knock effect”. However knock signal detection based on acoustic sensor is a challenging task due to existing of noise in the same frequency spectrum. Experimental results revealed that vibration signals, generated from knock, has certain frequencies related to vibration resonan...

Tremendous efforts have been devoted to study the complex phenomenon "knock in spark ignition engines. There is an increasing interest in providing some tools to study knock in simulated data. In the previous studies, engine cylinder pressure oscillation has been used to investigate knock. Unless those methods involved highly complex non-detailed chemical relations, the previous studies were de...

introduction: leishmania tarentolae (l. tarentolae) is a nonpathogenic species of leishmania genus that can be used as an expression system to produce immunogenic proteins or epitopes in vivo acting as an efficient and safe recombinant live vector in vaccinology. cysteine proteases (cps) are one group of family c1 peptidases in leishmania that are important for survival of the parasite within t...