True amplitude wave equation migration (WEM) provides the quality image of wave equation migration along with proper weighting of the output for estimation of an angularly dependent reflection coefficient, similar to the output of Kirchhoff inversion. In an earlier paper, Zhang et al. (2003) presented a true amplitude WEM for common-shot data in heterogeneous media. Here we present two addition...

in exploration seismology, migration refers to a multi-channel processing step that attempts to spatially re-position events and improve focusing. before migration, seismic data is usually displayed with traces plotted at the surface location of the receivers and with a vertical time axis. this means that dipping reflections are systematically mispositioned in the lateral coordinate and the ver...

In this paper, first the limitations of the ray-based method and the one-way wave-field extrapolation migration (WEM) in imaging steeply dipping structures are discussed by some examples. Then a new method of the reverse time migration (RTM), used in imaging such complex structures is presented. The proposed method uses a new wave-field extrapolator called the Leapfrog-Rapid Expansion Method (L...

One-way wave operators are powerful tools for forward modeling and inversion. Their implementation, however, involves introducing the square-root of an operator as a pseudo-differential operator. A simple factoring of the wave operator produces one-way wave equations that yield the same traveltimes as the full wave equation, but do not yield accurate amplitudes except for homogeneous media and ...

Wave-equation migration is an accurate and robust alternative to Kirchhoff migration when multipathing and other complex wave phenomena occur, such as in subsalt exploration. In these situations, images obtained by wave-equation migration are often superior to images obtained by Kirchhoff methods. However, 3-D wave-equation prestack imaging is an immature technology compared with Kirchhoff imag...

One-way wave operators are powerful tools for forward modeling and inversion. Their implementation, however, involves introduction of the square-root of an operator as a pseudo-differential operator. Furthermore, a simple factoring of the wave operator produces one-way wave equations that yield the same traveltimes of the full wave equation, but do not yield accurate amplitudes except for homog...

The comparison of subsalt images obtained by common-azimuth migration and singlearrival Kirchhoff migration demonstrates the potential of wave-equation migration when the velocity model causes complex multipathing. Subsalt reflectors are better imaged and the typical Kirchhoff artifacts caused by severe multipathing disappear. A detailed analysis of common-azimuth images indicates that the resu...

This paper introduces a fast high-resolution imaging algorithm designed for ultra-wideband radar, and combines modified Kirchhoff migration and frequency-wavenumber (F-K) migration. The proposed algorithm also uses the texture method and inverse boundary scattering transform to calculate efficiently the integral arising in modified Kirchhoff migration, and thus enabling the integral in the F-K ...

the conventional approach to seismic data analysis consists of two main steps: estimating seismic velocities, (the subsurface macro-model), and seismic imaging, (mapping of the reflected seismic energy to the reflector positions). the aim and the major challenge in the seismic data analysis is the construction of the best undistorted image. this challenge would be more problematic when geometri...