This study attempted to draw a comparison between the age average of Iranian medal winners in Olympic and Asian games and their counterparts from selected countries. The statistical population of the study included Olympic medal winners from the past 100 years and the Iranian who had won medals in 3 rounds of Asian games. The findings indicated that the age average of Iranian medal winners of 3...

We analyze the decision to participate and performance at the Modern Olympic Summer Games at the country level. We use an unbalanced panel of 118 countries over all 24 editions of the Summer Games since 1896. The main focus of the paper is on economic, geographic and demographic determinants of Olympic participation and success. We estimate the impact of income per capita, population size, home...

Background. International successes, especially in the Olympic Games, have become significantly important to many countries. Hence, the prediction can be better planning to gain this goal. Objectives. This study was conducted to predict the success of the participating countries in the Tokyo Olympic Games and this it was done using smart methods. Methods. This study was conducted in two stage...

The Olympic flame and torch are significant symbols of the Olympic Games and are important in linking the general public with the festival. They are internationally recognized symbols, particularly important at the Opening and Closing Ceremonies. “It is through the opening and closing ceremonies and the torch relay that the Olympiad must distinguish itself from another series of world champions...

T he paper uses Heckman model to examine the statistical importance of over 140 independent variables on the Olympic performance of all countries participating in the Summer Olympic Games from Sydney 2000 to Rio 2016. We find that countries which export more products have a higher likelihood of winning an Olympic medal than their counterparts exporting fewer products, and explain why...

THE SYDNEY 2000 OLYMPIC AND PARALYMPIC GAMES By the time the Olympic Games began, over 11,300 athletes and 5,100 officials from 200 countries had arrived in Sydney. Over the Games period, a succession of mass gatherings took place, including the Olympic Opening and Closing Ceremonies. The latter event saw 110,000 spectators and thousands of athletes at Stadium Australia, and an estimated 1,000,...

BACKGROUND The Olympic Games constitute a first-class opportunity to promote athleticism and health messages. Little is known, however on the impact of Olympic Games on the development of health-promotion programs for the general population. Our objective was to identify and describe the population-based health-promotion programs implemented in relation to the Athens 2004 Olympic and Para Olymp...

The performance results of the athletes competed in the 1988-2008 Olympic Games were analyzed (n = 166). The data were obtained from the IAAF official protocols. In the principal component analysis, the first three principal components explained 70% of the total variance. In the 1st principal component (with 43.1% of total variance explained) the largest factor loadings were for 100m (0.89), 40...

Fair and transparent procurement procedures are a cornerstone of a well functioning free-market economy. In particular, bidding is a mechanism whereby companies compete for contracts; when functioning well, the process rewards both the quality of the proposal, and the “reasonableness” of the quote. This way, both the company and the public win. The bidding process requires a fair and transparen...

History records what happened in the past. Do you remember the 23rd Olympic Games in Los Angeles? Xu Haifeng, the Chinese athlete, won China’s first gold medal for shooting. Do you remember the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona? Zhang Shan, a female Chinese athlete, outperformed all male athletes and became the only female champion in the history of skeet shooting. Do you remember the 1996 Olympi...