As a country beginning its motorization process, China must confront the problems attached to an oil-based car society. In adopting conventional automobile technology, the country would aggravate an already unstable oil balance while pushing up carbon dioxide levels. Not only would domestic problems emerge, but international concerns regarding oil shortage, global pollution, and the energy secu...

Based on the theory of real options, this paper establishes a investment decision-making model that could evaluate the development of CCS considering some uncertainties: feed-in tariff, the clean price, carbon price, incentives and subsidies from the government and the progress of technology. This model calculates the investment value of CCS project by studying the binomial tree model of real o...

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abstract i n this paper we investigated total energy consumption and its individual forms (oil, natural gas, electricity, renewable energies and coal) relationship with real gross domestic product (gdp) in iran. we employed hsiao’s (1981) methodology and annual data which cover 1967-2010 for investigation. the empirical findings indicate there is bidirectional causality effect with real gdp and...

abstract in order to assess the environmental impact of agricultural activity, the long-term sustainability should be considered. in order to achieve solutions to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions in the production of rainfed sunflower, this assessment was conducted in the north east of iran. four production methods, i.e. conventional tillage (ct), tow reduced tillages (rt1and rt2)...