Tramadol is a novel centrally acting opioid analgesic used for the treatment of mild to severe pain. This drug is the most prescribed opioid worldwide. It has been approved as an analgesic in Iran since 2002. Unfortunately Tramadol dependency has become very common in Iran in various age groups and genders but in particular is abused among the young generation. Overdose of Tramadol is a well-kn...

Tramadol is a centrally active synthetic opioid analgesic that is used extensively. There is no lot of information about the reproductive effects of the drug in both male and females. The present work conducted to outline the histopathological changes in ovaries and uterus of females and testis of male Wistar rats. Forty rats (Rattus norvegicus) weighing approximatel 150 g were used in the pres...

background: tramadol is an opioid agonist that has the potential of being abused. the aim of this study was to compare the effect of different doses of tramadol on orthodontic tooth movement (otm) and bone resorption in rats. materials and methods: forty‑two male rats were assigned randomly to two experimental groups and one control group. nickel–titanium coil springs were used to exert orthodo...

â â â  â â  abstract: â  china and asean have been maintaining a relationship both cooperative and competitive in the textile trade. due to its labor intensive feature and high dependence on foreign trade , the textile trade has received much attention after the 2008 financial crisis. the customs data (classified by the hs code) from year 2006-2009 is employed to research the impact of the cris...