validation is an important enterprise especially when a test is a high stakes one. demographic variables like gender and field of study can affect test results and interpretations. differential item functioning (dif) is a way to make sure that a test does not favor one group of test takers over the others. this study investigated dif in terms of gender in the reading comprehension subtest (35 i...

the classical test theory (ctt) and item response theory (irt) are widely used in construction and analysis of exams and questionnaires. because of the various shortcomings of ctt, irt has been designed. even though irt has overcome most of the limitations of ctt and has made computer adaptive testing possible, it is still important to point out that not enough reasons exist to totally discard ...

Item response theory (IRT) has a number of potential advantages over classical test theory in assessing self-reported health outcomes. IRT models yield invariant item and latent trait estimates (within a linear transformation), standard errors conditional on trait level, and trait estimates anchored to item content. IRT also facilitates evaluation of differential item functioning, inclusion of ...

Medical Surgical Nursing is one of the major subjects in nursing. This study examined the validity and reliability of the achievement examination utilizing the Classical Test Theory and Item Response Theory. The study answered the following objectives specifically : ( a) To establish the validity and reliability of the achievement examination utilizing Classical Test Theory and Item Response Th...

In this review, we examine studies that use item response theory (IRT) to explore the psychometric properties of clinical measures. Next, we consider how IRT has been used in clinical research for: scale linking, computerized adaptive testing, and differential item functioning analysis. Finally, we consider the scale properties of IRT trait scores. We conclude that there are notable differences...

Researchers commonly apply item response theory (IRT) models to binary and ordinal items in order to measure an underlying trait using a collection of observed responses to test questions or items. For binary items, a common IRT model is the two parameter logistic (2PL) form. Assume that we have observed p item responses for n individuals where a correct responses is designated with a ’1’ and a...

This paper describes procedures for estimating single-administration classification consistency and accuracy indices using item response theory (IRT). This IRT approach is applied to real test data comprised of mixtures of dichotomous and polytomous items. Several different IRT model mixtures are considered. Comparisons are made between the IRT approach and two non-IRT procedures.