Diagnosis of soil salinity and characterizing its spatial variability both vertically and horizontally are needed to establish control measures in irrigated agriculture. In this regard, it is essential that salinity development in varying soil depths be known temporally and spatially. Apparent soil electrical conductivity, measured by electromagnetic induction instruments, has been widely used ...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the accuracy Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation method estimate and map surface water salinity along coastal waters Pulau Tuba, Langkawi. Sea was recorded using a refractometer during two sampling activities that were carried out in November 2018. Global Positioning System (GPS) used record geo-location each point. IDW applied data collecti...

The amount of rainfall that occurs can affect natural disasters and even food production to economic activities. the factor area where rain is one main parameters for how change occurs. So, it necessary have a prediction approach aims find out when what type will occur. Spatial classification interpolation are two methods used make predictions. Random Forest method be predict rainfall. Inverse ...

Efficient soil management practices depend on the spatial distribution of soil properties which varies significantly even within the same field. Considering that it is impossible for any monitoring technique to provide spatially continuous data, spatial interpolation plays an indispensable role in estimating the missing values where no actual value was measured. The objective of this study was ...

Salinity is an essential parameter in rice cultivation activity. It has a significant impact on paddy growth and also the yield of paddy. However, level salinity concentration plots depends surrounding conditions. The distance area from coastline, temperature intensity rainfall should be considered studies involving water quality. Additionally, tide events included this study because position n...

In this paper, a hybrid inverse distance weighted (IDW) and the imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) was proposed for grade estimations in mining projects. Indeed, coefficients of IDW equation, power, influence were modified by applying ICA algorithm. For this, an example solved using IDW, ordinary kriging, IDW-ICA. After successfully validating IDW-ICA, iron grades estimated Baba Ali mine, ...

for optimum planning, utilization, and management of lands, recognition of spatial variability of soil properties is necessary. this research was conducted to evaluate spatial variability of soil properties in 5000 ha of arsenjan plain in fars province. for this purpose, soil salinity, ph, particle size percentage, sodium, potassium, and organic carbon (oc) were measured on a systematic squared...

A variation of the reduction-based approach to spatiotemporal interpolation (STI), in which time is treated independently from the spatial dimensions, is proposed in this paper. We reviewed and compared three widely-used spatial interpolation techniques: ordinary kriging, inverse distance weighting and the triangular irregular network. We also proposed a new distribution-based distance weightin...