seven patients who had intractable pain of the pelvis and lower extremities were scheduled for cordotomy of the spinothalamic tracts after preliminary investigations. in three patients laminectomy was performed, to approach the anterior portion of the spinal cord, anil in the rest anterior cordotomy was performed with anterior disectomy under direct vision of the spinal cord. it appears that an...

backgroundabout 15 to 40% of children with seizures are refractory to standard anti-epileptic drugs and for such patients, other treatments such as surgery and the ketogenic diet can reduce seizure frequency. melatonin is a natural pineal gland hormone. the use of melatonin for controlling pediatric seizures is still controversial. this study aimed to evaluate the effect of melatonin on seizure...

how to cite this article: karimzadeh p, ashrafi mr, bakhshandeh bali mk, nasehi mm, taheri otaghsara sm, taghdiri mm, ghofrani m. zonisamide efficacy as adjunctive therapy in children with refractory epilepsy. iran j child neurol. 2013 spring; 7(2):37-42. objective approximately one third of epileptic children do not achieve complete seizure improvement. zonisamide is a new antiepileptic drug w...

Although treated properly for epilepsy, a number of epileptic children have intractable seizures and about 5-10 per cent of them do not respond to anti -epileptic drugs. In the years 1986-1996 about 10,000 epileptic patients were treated in the Children's Medical Center in Tehran. A retrospective study of their medical records revealed that 41 of them had intractable seizures. I Of these 4...

background: despite availability and administration of numerous antiepileptic drugs (aeds) nearly 15% of childhood epilepsy cases are resistant to treatment; in traditional medicine however nigella sativa l. (black seed) has been known for its anticonvulsant effects. materials and methods: in this double-blind clinical trial conducted on children with refractory epilepsy we administered the aqu...

intractable epilepsy is a common clinical problem in pediatrics and approximately 13% of children with epilepsy experience intractable seizures. to determine the efficacy of pyridoxine in treating seizures, 30 infants and children with recurrent seizures were enrolled in the present study. all of them were treated with high-dose oral pyridoxine (40 mg/kg/day), as an adjunct to antiepileptic dru...

objective epilepsy is a common disorder affecting approximately 1% of the population. it is estimated that about 20- 30% of the patients become refractory to proper medical therapies. such cases are often termed intractable. intractable epilepsy (ie) is a serious condition in children, leading to significant impairment in quality of life, as well as behavioral and psychiatric problems. in this ...

objective in the majority of patients with intractable epilepsy, seizures can be well controlled with appropriate medication. however, current estimates indicate that some of patients with epilepsy are refractory to all forms of medical therapy. the surgical treatment of intractable epilepsy in children has  evolved with advances in technical innovations. these medically intractable patients ar...

objective:   intractable epilepsy is a serious neurologic problem with different etiologies. decreased levels of pyridoxal phosphate in central spinal fluid level of patients with intractable epilepsy due to pyridoxine dependency epilepsy were reported. the aim of this study was to compare plasma pyridoxal 5´-phosphate level in patients with intractable and controlled epilepsy. materials   &   ...