background: los angeles classification is widely adopted as a means of unifying endoscopic observation for gerd. we assessed the inter- and intra-observer variability of la classification. materials and methods: two-hundred fifty-four still images of the lower esophagus taken by an expert endoscopist (rm) were randomly selected and presented to 9 gastroenterologists (2 females, 6 experts, 3 tra...

this study aimed to evaluate the reliability factors, and identify causes of error in direct anthropometry method. after training three beginner anthropometrists and following the instructions of anthropometric standards, 48 body dimensions of 42 male students were measured three times. in other words, the physical dimensions of each subject were measured for 9 times. all participants were wear...

this study was aimed at determining intra and inter-observer concordance rates in the gleason scoring of prostatic adenocarcinoma, before and after a web-based educational course. in this self-controlled study, 150 tissue samples of prostatic adenocarcinoma are re-examined to be scored according to the gleason scoring system. then all pathologists attend a free web-based course. afterwards, the...

results inter-observer agreement of the pathology scores based on nas scoring system was acceptable for steatosis, lobular inflammation, and fibrosis, but not for hepatocyte ballooning. the intra-observer agreement was acceptable in all scales, with lowest intra-class correlation observed for lobular inflammation. materials and methods the anonymous liver biopsy samples of 100 consecutive nafld...

Background: The Singh index is an inexpensive simple method to evaluate bone density, commonly used to assess osteoporosis is based on the radiological appearance of the trabecular bone structure of the proximal femur on a plain antero-posterior (AP) radiograph. The purpose of this study was to compare between Singh index and bone mineral density measurement using dual energy X-ray abs...

  Background: Knee malalignment is an important modifiable cause of osteoarthritis (OA). Surgical therapeutic procedures depend on proper knee alignment assessment. The purpose of this study was to compare knee alignment parameters between double and single leg weight-bearing radiographs and to evaluate the reproducibility of inter- and intra-observer measurements. Methods: One hundred eight p...

Standard color-matching functions are de

Just as scientific records can be vulnerable to variation between different pieces of recording equipment, so observational records are subject to differences in how observers score behaviour. However one can judge how much confidence to place in one's results by assessing the reliability of the records of one's variables. In this paper we shall consider only inter-observer reliability or score...

background: this study was aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy and feasibility of cone beam computed tomography (cbct) with phosphor storage plate (psp) in detection of simulated occlusal secondary caries. materials and methods: in this in vitro descriptive-comparative study, a total of 80 slots of class i cavities were prepared on 80 extracted human premolars. then, 40 teeth were randomly...