this paper proposes a method to solve multi-objective problems using improved particle swarm optimization. we propose leader particles which guide other particles inside the problem domain. two techniques are suggested for selection and deletion of such particles to improve the optimal solutions. the first one is based on the mean of the m optimal particles and the second one is based on appoin...

In this paper, a novel one-element voxel attribute, namely distance-intensity (DI), is defined for associating spatial information with image intensity for registration tasks. For each voxel in an image, the DI feature encodes spatial information at a global level, and is about the distance of the voxel to its closest object boundary, together with the original intensity information. Without th...

we investigated the relations among infection intensity of european mistletoe (viscum album l.) with host tree features in nour forest park, located in caspian forests in north of iran. the number of 30 circular plots with an area of 0.1 ha were sampled in all places have an aggregation of infested trees. parameters including dbh, height, distance to stand edge, distance to conspecific tree, ba...

Psychological traits exhibit substantial variation worldwide, especially among the so-called WEIRD populations. Such psychological could be explained by intensity of kinship family ties that, we hypothesize, depends on reception innovations in organizations. These originated from several centers that also spread other crucial novelties such as agriculture. Less exposed to these organizations, a...

We present a novel high-resolution technique for single-molecule experiments, viz., differential traveling wave tracking. This is an interference-based scattering technique where we use gold nanoparticles for high scattering intensities and incorporate differential measurements along one in-plane direction to subtract mechanical noise and drift of the system. In addition, out-of-plane distances...

Accurate measurement of high-amplitude, broadband shock pulses in air is an important part of laboratory-scale experiments in atmospheric acoustics. Although various methods have been developed, specific drawbacks still exist and need to be addressed. Here, a schlieren optical method was used to reconstruct the pressure signatures of nonlinear spherically diverging short acoustic pulses generat...