in any classical risk model one of the important random variable is time to ruin. as time to ruin warns the management for possible adverse situations that may arise, the distribution of time to ruin place a vital role in the day to day transactions of the any insurance company. moments of the distribution are also important as coefficient of skewness of the distribution is very important in ac...

A review of field production data reveals that usually, it is very difficult to apply available decline models because of poor quality and often noisy character of initial data and also unrealistic assumptions of the models. This paper tries to introduce applicable procedures to correct initial data and reproduce missed data. Corrected data are analyzed and finally, the results for permeability...

We model the effect of a no-take reserve in a marine fishery management area, such as on a coral reef. Implicitly, eggs and larvae are mobile but adults are not; and there is open access fishing outside the reserve. A reserve is found to increase equilibrium catch if the prior ratio of stock to carrying capacity is less than a half, and the catch-maximising reserve proportion rises towards a ha...

This paper contributes to the literature on second-price auctions with resale. We add speculators—bidders with value zero—to the standard symmetric independent private values environment. There always exists a continuum of inefficient equilibria that are profitable for a speculator. With no reserve price in the initial auction, speculation can enhance the initial seller’s expected revenue. On t...

OBJECTIVE To identify and quantify attributes that lead to unanticipated cost escalation in workers' compensation claims. METHODS We constructed four claim categories: low initial reserve/low cost, migrated catastrophic (low initial reserve/high cost), high initial reserve/low cost, and catastrophic (high initial reserve/high cost). To assess the attributes associated with the increased cost ...

Woodford (1999) develops the notion of a “timelessly optimal” pre-commitment policy. This paper uses a simple business cycle model to illustrate this notion. We show that timelessly optimal policies are not unique and that they are not necessarily better than the time-consistent solution. Further, we describe a method for constructing optimal precommitment rules in an environment where the poli...

Fractional flow reserve derived from coronary computed tomography angiography enables noninvasive assessment of the hemodynamic significance of coronary artery lesions and coupling of the anatomic severity of a coronary stenosis with its physiological effects. Since its initial demonstration of feasibility of use in humans in 2011, a significant body of clinical evidence has developed to evalua...

Establishing nature reserves protects species from land cover conversion and the resulting loss of habitat. Even within a reserve, however, many factors such as fires and defoliating insects still threaten habitat and the survival of species. To address the risk to species survival after reserve establishment, reserve networks can be created that allow some redundancy of species coverage to max...

This paper demonstrates a method to how reserve capacity and cost allocation could be determined in a pool-based and disaggregated market model. The method considers both the spinning reserve and interruptible loads as the operating reserve services. In the proposed market, generators and consumers (including participation of interruptible loads) submit offers and bids to the independent system...