Introduction: Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) arising in extra-oral region in head and neck are rare, and when swellings arise from other sites such as infraorbital region, cheek, etc, tuberculosis is not usually considered for the differential diagnosis (DD) and often the diagnosis is missed and appropriate treatment is delayed. Case Report: We report a rare entity of pri...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The infraorbital nerve arises from the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve and normally traverses the orbital floor in the infraorbital canal. Sometimes, however, the infraorbital canal protrudes into the maxillary sinus separate from the orbital floor. We systematically studied the prevalence of this variant. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective revi...

In exposing facial fractures for reduction and fixation with coronal, subciliary, subtarsal, and upper buccal sulcus approaches, the supraorbital and infraorbital nerves are susceptible to injury. The location of the supraorbital and infraorbital nerves can be predicted by palpating for the supraorbital notch. Significant edema as seen with facial fractures can make these prominent bony landmar...

Evidence supports a clear racial variation in the position of the infraorbital foramen. Therefore detailed knowledge of the population specific data on biometric features of the infraorbital foramen will facilitate therapeutic, diagnostic and surgical manipulations in the maxillo-facial region. The goal of this study was to elucidate the morphological features and precise anatomical position of...

Statement of the Problem Ignoring anatomic variations may lead to iatrogenic injuries by surgeons. Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the course of infraorbital canal and maxillary sinus using cone beam computed tomography scans (CBCT). Materials and Method One hundred and ninety two CBCT scans were reviewed for 384 infraorbital canals. The anatomic varian...

Infraorbital morphology is often included in phylogenetic and functional analyses of Homo. The inclusion of distinct infraorbital configurations, such as the "canine fossa" in Homo sapiens or the "inflated" maxilla in Neandertals, is generally based on either descriptive or qualitative assessments of this morphology, or simple linear chord and subtense measurements. However, the complex curvili...

Infraorbital nerve, a terminal branch of maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve, exits the infraorbital foramen or notch, providing sensory innervations to the skin and soft tissue of the mid face. Adequate knowledge of the location of the nerve and assessment of its function are important in mid face surgeries and reaching optimal local anesthesia. The location of the infraorbital foramen ...

BACKGROUND Infraorbital dark circles refer to the conditions that present with darkness of the infraorbital eyelids. Although it is not a medical concern, it can be a cosmetic concern for a large number of individuals. Moreover, clear definition and possible causes have not been elucidated. OBJECTIVE To review the possible causes and treatment options for infraorbital dark circles. METHODS ...

We analyzed the variability in position, shape, size and incidence of the infraorbital foramen in Indian dry skulls as little literature is available on this foramen in Indians to prevent clinical complications during maxillofacial surgery and regional block anesthesia. Fifty-five Indian skulls from the Department of Anatomy CSM Medical University were examined. The 110 sides (left and right) o...

Background & Objectives:To study the most precise location, shape and direction of infraorbital foramen in dry human skulls, in relation to Infraorbital Margin, Piriform Aperture(PA) and Upper Alveolar Margin(AM). Method: A total of one hundred dry human skulls of unknown gender were measured using digital calliper with Infraorbital Margin, Piriform Margin and Alveolar Margin as reference point...