A major theme in current developments in this field has been the realization that the target tissue, in particular the endothelium, has an active role in initiating and participating in inflammatory reactions and is not a passive target, as was previously thought. Attempts to delineate the mechanisms involved have benefited immeasurably from the application of the modern techniques of molecular...

introduction: biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity of endodontic materials are of utmost importance. considering the extensive applications of mineral trioxide aggregate (mta) in dentistry and antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles, this study aimed to evaluate the subcutaneous inflammatory reaction of rat connective tissues to white mta with and without nanosilver (ns) particl...

N-Acetylmuramyi-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (muramyl dipeptide, MDP) 1 was shown (1) to be the minimal and essential s t ructure requi red for adjuvant activity o f bacterial cell wall peptidoglycans. Fur ther , MDP has been found to possess various biological activities, o ther than adjuvant activity, that are exer ted by bacterial cell wall peptidoglycans. Since MDP is such a potent immunomodula ...

Polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAAG) was initially considered to be a compatible, non-toxic, non-biodegradable material. However, recent studies have shown that numerous adverse events occur after using this permanent filler. The incidence of complications following PAAG injection has been reported to be about 6.7%.Herein, we report a 32-year-old female who developed an infla...

1Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan 2Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan 3Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan 4Department of Anesthesiology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung...