This paper proposes that industrial waste be regarded, in a business economic sense, as having the same basic status as regular products. A basic mathematical expression for assigning industrial costs to waste is presented. The expression can be employed in conjunction with cost-benefit analysis for estimating the “true” internal costs of industrial waste. In two case studies presented, industr...

Traditionally soil, stone aggregates, sand, bitumen, cement etc. are used for road construction. Natural materials being exhaustible in nature, its quantity is declining gradually. Also, cost of extracting good quality of natural material is increasing. Concerned about this, the scientists are looking for alternative materials for highway construction, and industrial waste product is one such c...

background pyrocatechol or 1, 2-dihydroxybenzene, or 2-hydroxyphenol is considered as apriority pollutant since it is harmful to organisms at low concentrations, and has been classified as hazardous pollutants. objectives the objective of this study was to examine whether azolla filiculoides, is able to remove pyrocatechol from aqueous solutions. materials and methods this study is an experimen...

This is a literature review for the year 2015 and contains information specifically associated with suspended growth processes including activated sludge, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket, and sequencing batch reactors. The review encompasses modeling and kinetics, nutrient removal, system design and operation. Compared to past reviews, many topics show increase in activity in 2015. These includ...

A thermophilic mixed population of bacteria, capable of utilizing methanol as its sole carbon-energy source at temperatures up to 65 C, was selected by enrichment and studied. A maximal cellular yield of 0.42 g per g of methanol was observed at 50 to 56 C. The maximal specific growth rate of the mixed population in continuous culture at 56 C was greater than 0.32 per h. The amino acid profile o...

background: in addition to the various human environmental issues, environmental hazards due to the industrial waste mismanagement are one of the country's major problems. this especially is more important in the provinces such as bakhtiari province where there have been concentration and diversity of the natural resources and a rapid growth of technology and industry in the recent years. metho...