In this study, we investigate two types of indirectness in East Asian context, namely, native Korean and Chinese speakers' understanding (i.e. first order indirectness) their linguistic performance second indirectness). comparison to western counterparts, communities have often been labeled as being indirect, while little attention has paid the variations indirectness. Our study explores topic ...

Indirectness is often used in our daily communication as a major communicative skill to keep a harmonious interpersonal relationship. From an Asian perspective, this paper is to discuss the various motives of indirectness, such as: politeness, self-protection, humor, rejection or denial, etc.

Four experiments provided evidence that East-West differences in attention to indirect meaning are more pronounced in work settings compared with nonwork settings as suggested by prior research on Protestant relational ideology. Study 1 compared errors in interpreting indirect messages in work and nonwork contexts across three cultures. Studies 2 and 3 examined differences in self-reported indi...

The recent approval of molecular-targeted therapies for myeloproliferative neoplasm-associated myelofibrosis (MPN-MF) has dramatically changed its therapeutic landscape. Ruxolitinib, a JAK1/JAK2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is now widely used for first- and second-line therapy in persons with MPN-MF, especially those with disease-related splenomegaly, intermediate- or high-risk disease, and const...

This paper offers a detailed text analysis of the written feedback given by two teachers to ESL students over a complete proficiency course. We consider this feedback in terms of its functions as praise, criticism, and suggestions. Praise was the most frequently employed function in the feedback of these two teachers, but this was often used to soften criticisms and suggestions rather than simp...

BOTH hypotheses and conclusions relating teacher-pupil behavior to pupil growth tend to be stated in simple, declara tive sentences, as: "Increased teacher indi rectness is associated with increased pupil growth in subject matter and more favor able attitudes"; or, "Decreased teacher criti cism is associated with more favorable pu pil attitudes and increased subject-matter growth." Yet probably...

this study was an attempt to investigate iranian and spanish intermediate nonnative english learners’ request strategies to their faculty. to this aim, 74 (50 iranian and 24 spanish) nonnative english intermediate learners participated in this study. a discourse completion test (dct) was used to elicit the request strategies used by the participants. the findings suggested the participants empl...