In computer programming languages, indentation formats program source code to improve readability. Programming languages make use of indentation to define program structure .Programmers use indentation to understand the structure of their programs to human readers. Especially, indentation is the better way to represent the relationship between control flow constructs such as selection statement...

Nano/micro-manufacturing under wet condition is an important consideration for various tool-based processes such as indentation, scratching, and machining. The existence of liquids adds complexity to the system, changes the tool/work interfacial condition, and affects material behaviors. For indentation, it may also affect material property measurements. However, little effort has been made to ...

The remarkable mechanical performance of biological materials is based on intricate structure-function relationships. Nanoindentation has become the primary tool for characterising biological materials, as it allows to relate structural changes to variations in mechanical properties on small scales. However, the respective theoretical background and associated interpretation of the parameters m...

Instrumented indentation test has been extensively applied to study the mechanical properties such as elastic modulus of different materials. The Oliver–Pharr method to measure the elastic modulus from an indentation test was originally developed for single phase materials. During a spherical indentation test on shape memory alloys (SMAs), both austenite and martensite phases exist and evolve i...

−A newly developed hardness test based on equivalent indentation depth is currently expected to be the only hardness test method that enables seamless evaluations of hardness across different hardness scales in all load ranges from nanoscopic to macroscopic in an industrial friendly manner because the new method is free from the shortcomings of the instrumented indentation method, which require...

In this paper, the authors present a new methodology to study the viscoelastic behaviour of the human finger. The methodology is based on experimental research consisting of a finger's indentation with a small steel cylindrical object for various indentation speeds. The tests were realized on a CETR UMT-2 Tribometer for indentation speed between 0.02 mm/s and 4 mm/s with a normal load of up to ...

PURPOSE To determine how mechanical interaction among iris, cornea, limbus, sclera, and IOP contribute to angle opening during indentation of the cornea or sclera. METHODS A finite-element model of the globe was developed. The model consisted of three elastic isotropic segments--iris, cornea, and sclera--and a two-component anisotropic segment representing the limbus. The model was tested aga...

Introduction Most in vivo indentation techniques are limited by the lack of adequate indentation on the plantar tissue. Without sufficient indentation into the soft tissue, only very little and less representative information can be obtained. The purpose of this study is hence to assess the effect of deformation depth on plantar tissue behavior and to establish a set rule of optimum indentation...

A number of magnetopause models have been developed in the course of last three decades. We have chosen seven of them and tested them using a fresh set of magnetopause crossings observed by Interball-1, Magion-4, and Geotail satellites. The crossings cover the magnetopause from the subsolar region up to near-Earth tail (XGSE ∼ −20 RE) and all geomagnetic latitudes. Our study reveals that (1) th...