Compatible solutes like ectoine and its derivatives are deployed by halophile organisms as osmolytes to sustain the high salt concentration in the environment. This work investigates the relation of the thermodynamic properties of compatible solutes and their impact as osmolytes. The ectoines considered in this work are ectoine, hydroxyectoine, and homoectoine. Besides solution densities (15-45...

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Cas 209 carries the gene Xa-10 for resistance to race 2 of Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae, the bacterial blight pathogen. When seedling leaves of Cas 209 plants were infiltrated with bacterial cell suspensions of strain PXO86(Rif) (race 2, incompatible), total peroxidase activity in extracts from extracellular spaces increased almost threefold between 16 and 24 hou...

Determination of the type of precipitated calcium sulfate in mixing two incompatible injection and formation waters was studied experimentally in this work at two temperatures of 26oC and 80oC. Here the SEM, EDX and XRD techniques have been used to inspect the temperature effects on the morphology, type, and size of the precipitated calcium sulfate crystals. The result...

With the use of stigmatic exudate or distilled water as carriers, various antimetabolites, inhibitors, and miscellaneous materials were injected into the hollow styles of detached Lilium longiflorum pistils before, at, or after compatible or incompatible pollination. Pollen tube lengths were measured 48 hr after pollination with pollinated styles incubated at 22-23 degrees C. Substances conside...

Monitoring microbiological water quality is important for protecting water resources and the health of swimmers. Routine monitoring relies on cultivating fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), frequently using defined substrate technology. Defined substrate technology is designed to specifically enrich for FIB, but a complete understanding of the assay microbiology requires culture-independent analysi...

In the transition-zone water-filter hypothesis, (see main text), water is assumed essentially trapped within the transition zone because of dehydration melting of ambient upwelling at 410km and exsolution of water from slabs at 660km. The assumption that recycling of water is closed allows us to develop a simple theoretical model with which to predict various important parameters such as the me...

Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (AAnPB) rely on not only heterotrophic but also phototrophic energy gain. AAnPB are known to have high abundance in oligotrophic waters and are the major portion of the bacterial carbon stock in the environment. In a yearlong study in an aquaculture area in the Uwa Sea, Japan, AAnPB, accounted for 4.7 to 24% of the total bacteria by count. Since the cell...