BACKGROUND Precise force generation and absorption during stepping over different obstacles need to be quantified for task accomplishment. This study aimed to quantify how the lead limb (LL) and trail limb (TL) generate and absorb forces while stepping over obstacle of various heights. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirteen healthy young women participated in the study. Force data were collected from ...

A new boundary force is proposed to solve rigid body interaction in SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics). The new boundary force is impulse-based rather than potential-based. The impulse is converted to a boundary force with a fundamental observation that the impulse is a momentum change which is a result of a force acting on an object during a time interval. Our new impulse-based boundary for...

We calculate the force operator for a charged particle in the field of an Aharonov–Bohm flux line. Formally this is the Lorentz force, with the magnetic field operator modified to include quantum corrections due to anomalous commutation relations. For stationary states, the magnitude of the force is proportional to the product of the wavenumber k with the amplitudes of the ‘pinioned’ components...

We calculate the force operator for a charged particle in the field of an Aharonov-Bohm flux line. Formally this is the Lorentz force, with the magnetic field operator modified to include quantum corrections due to anomolous commutation relations. For stationary states, the magnitude of the force is proportional to the product of the wavenumber k with the amplitudes of the 'pinioned' components...

We calculate the force operator for a charged particle in the eld of an Aharonov-Bohm ux line. Formally this is the Lorentz force, with the magnetic eld operator modiied to include quantum corrections due to anomolous commutation relations. For stationary states, the magnitude of the force is proportional to the product of the wavenumber k with the amplitudes of thèpinioned' components, the two...

In CG community, many kinds of physical-based (impulse-based) approaches such as Mirtich’s and Baraff’s ones have been proposed for showing dynamic animation. However, because they generate and calibrate only an impulsive force, i.e., an area of force distribution, the impulsive forces are not always precisely calibrated. Moreover, since they do not deal with any exact impulse (force distributi...