In this article, demand equations for import of consumer, intermediate and capital goods for the period 1971(2) to 1999(1), is estimated and analyzed, using the ARDL Pesaran & Shin method. The results show that the behavior of the different categories of imported goods in Iran is best explained by the parallel market exchange rate, implying this rate is a closer approximation fir the opportunit...

in this article, demand equations for import of consumer, intermediate and capital goods for the period 1971(2) to 1999(1), is estimated and analyzed, using the ardl pesaran & shin method. the results show that the behavior of the different categories of imported goods in iran is best explained by the parallel market exchange rate, implying this rate is a closer approximation fir the opportunit...

Big data and cloud computing is the development trend of the global information technology exciting and challenges every day now have a large amount of data and information generated, it provides an opportunity for big data analysis. Cloud computing is the essence of all computing social resources together, to realize automatic management, make all kinds of service providers and users don't nee...

according to amount of oil seeds import in iran are more than 80% of domestic needs, in this study, import comparative advantage in soybeans using rca and rsca index is calculated in 1961-2008 periods for iran and ten important importer countries. iran’s competition state is investigated. also long run relation between production and import comparative advantage index is estimated using johanse...

We explain a counter-intuitive empirical finding: firms facing more import competition do more innovation. In our model, factors of production are trapped inside a firm. When low-wage import competition removes the market for a firm’s current products these trapped factors then become idle within the firm. This reduces the shadow value of these factors as inputs into innovation or the productio...

[1] Global food security increasingly relies on the trade of food commodities. Freshwater resources are essential to agricultural production and are thus embodied in the trade of food commodities, referred to as ‘‘virtual water trade.’’ Agricultural production predominantly relies on rainwater (i.e., ‘‘green water’’), though irrigation (i.e., ‘‘blue water’’) does play an important role. These d...

one of the import indices of food security evaluation is food import capacity index. ratio of total exports to food imports is often thought to be a measure of the capacity of a country to finance its food imports using revenues from exports of goods and services. this study investigates food import capacity effects on rural households food security by calculated ahfci (aggregate household food...

Glycosomes are intracellular, membrane-bound microbody organelles of trypanosomes and leishmania. Nine glycolytic enzymes are the major protein components of the glycosomes of Trypanosoma brucei long-slender bloodstream forms. Glycosomal proteins are believed to be synthesized in the cytoplasm and inserted across the glycosomal membrane posttranslationally. We have developed an in vitro protein...