Background: The process of implantation involves the interaction of the human embryo and the uterine epithelium. Failure of implantation is a major reason for infertility in women and the inability to achieve endometrial receptivity is responsible for much of the failure of reproductive technologies. Management of repeated implantation failure despite transfer of good-quality embryos still rema...

The potential harmful effects of toxic compounds on the developing immune system are discussed. This discussion is illustrated by results of studies of the effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on the developing immune system of Fischer rats. While this compound and several others have been shown to have immunosuppressive effects, the available data do not support routine evaluation of...

Background Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is usually defined as three or more consecutive pregnancy losses before 20th gestational week. Many etiological factors have been considered as cause of RPL including genetic factors, uterine anatomical defects, endocrine abnormalities, thrombotic and immunologic factors. Nevertheless, the cause of RPL remains unknown in around half of the patients desp...