The parasites of genus Leishmania are the causative agents of one of the most widespread and devastating diseases. According to follow-up data, these medications may provoke adverse drug reactions, drug resistance, relapse as well as financial burden. The mechanism of action of opioid drugs are primarily exerted via transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors. One of the potent synthetic immunomo...

Imiquimod, a nucleoside analogue of the imidazoquinoline family, is being used to treat various cutaneous cancers including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Imiquimod activates anti-tumor immunity via Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) in macrophage and other immune cells. Imiquimod can also affect tumor cells directly, regardless of its impact on immune system. In this study, we demonstrated that imiqu...

Imiquimod has been identified as a potent antiviral and antitumor agent in animal models. The biological activity associated with imiquimod has been attributed to its induction of interferon (IFN)-alpha. The present studies evaluated imiquimod administered orally for its ability to stimulate production of IFN and other cytokines in mice. The cytokine profile induced by imiquimod was compared wi...

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in men worldwide. In the present study, we examined in vitro and in vivo antitumor effect of the small molecule imiquimod, also known as a TLR7 agonist, against prostate cancer. Imiquimod inhibited the growth of mouse (TRAMP‑C2) and human (PC-3) prostate cancer cells. Treatment with imiquimod induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase...

Imiquimod is an immunomodulator with both antitumor and antiviral properties. It is currently available in two cream formulations as Aldara (imiquimod 5%) and the newly approved Zyclara (imiquimod 3.75%). Imiquimod has been associated with localized erythema, crusting, and scaling at the site of application. However, more severe generalized skin eruptions including erythema multiforme, psoriasi...

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a major world problem. Several types of treatment regimens have been suggested. Imiquimod demonstrated a leishmanicidal activity by increasing local cytokine production. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of topical 5% imiquimod with cryotherapy vs. intralesional meglumine antimoniate (MA) in treatment of anthroponotic (dry type) CL. ...

Immunotherapy represents an appealing option to specifically target CNS tumors using the immune system. In this report, we tested whether adjunctive treatment with the TLR-7 agonist imiquimod could augment antitumor immune responsiveness in CNS tumor-bearing mice treated with human gp100 + tyrosine-related protein-2 melanoma-associated Ag peptide-pulsed dendritic cell (DC) vaccination. Treatmen...

Imiquimod, the most prominent Toll‑like receptor 7 agonist, has direct anti‑tumor activity and can induce autophagy and apoptosis in various types of human cancer. The aim of the present study was to examine the anti‑tumor effects of imiquimod and their underlying mechanisms in SGC‑7901 cells. Imiquimod exerted an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation in a dose‑ and time‑dependent manner as i...

Genital human papillomavirus infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. Imiquimod is a new agent, an immune-response modifier, that has been demonstrated to have potent in vivo antiviral and antitumor effects in animal models. The present prospective, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of daily patient-applie...

BACKGROUND A number of reports have been published regarding the use of imiquimod for the treatment of melanoma in situ and metastatic melanoma. Essential steps in the process of melanoma invasion and metastasis include degradation of basement membranes and remodeling of the extracellular matrix by proteolytic enzymes, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metallop...