This autobiography already makes for absolutely fascinating reading. Ibn Khaldūn lived an itinerant life serving as a magistrate for—in modern geographic terms— Spanish, Moroccan, Tunisian and Egyptian Islamic courts. In that function in Granada, Spain, he negotiated treaties with the Christian Spanish crown (with Pedro the Cruel, which does not sound too encouraging). The autobiography follows...

The advent of evolutionary medicine in the last two decades has provided new insights into the causes of human disease and possible preventative strategies. One of the strengths of evolutionary medicine is that it follows a multi-disciplinary approach. Such an approach is vital to future biomedicine as it enables for the infiltration of new ideas. Although evolutionary medicine uses Darwinian e...

Abstract The present paper examines the place of non-Islamic justice in two medieval Islamic political texts, Abū Bakr al-Ṭurṭūshī’s (d. 1126) Lamp Kings ( Sirāj al-Mulūk ) and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Ibn Khaldūn’s 1406) Prolegomena Muqaddima ). By attempting to derive principles through reason, by repudiating claims that normative values are solely derived from revelation, both thinkers commit thorough...