We reported previously that circularly permuted interleukin-4 (IL4), composed of amino acids 38-129 of IL4 connected by a linker peptide GGNGG to amino acids 1-37, is preferable to native IL4 for fusing to the amino terminus of truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) to make a recombinant toxin, because the new ligand-toxin junction results in improved IL4 receptor (IL4R)-binding (R. J. Kreitman et...

We reported previously that circularly permuted interIeukin-4 (IL4), composed of amino acids 38-129 of IL4 connected by a linker peptide GGNGG to amino acids 1-37, is preferable to native II ,4 for fusing to the amino terminus of truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) to make a recombinant toxin, because the new ligand-toxin junction results in im proved IL4 receptor (IL4R)-binding (R. J. Kreitman...

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed solid tumors in United States men. Survival with advanced prostate cancer is dismal because of a lack of effective treatments. Overexpression of interleukin 4 receptors (IL-4R) on prostate carcinoma cells makes them suitable targets for the interleukin 4 (IL-4) fused Pseudomonas exotoxin, IL-4 cytotoxin (IL4-CTx). Androgen-dependent (LNCaP) and -in...

Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a bottle-nosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) interleukin-4 (IL4) cDNA was cloned and sequenced. IL4 specific primers were based on the 5' and 3' untranslated regions of the human and murine IL4 gene. The dolphin IL4 cDNA is 528 base pairs in length and contains an open reading frame of 402 nucleotides coding an IL4 precursor of 133 amino acids, with the put...

Because IL-4 and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) are immune stimulants, we evaluated the antitumor effects of IL-4 gene therapy and CpG-ODN treatment in a poorly immunogenic murine cancer model. We used a murine colorectal cancer MC38 cell line overexpressing the IL-4 gene (MC38-IL4). Incubation with MC38-IL4 and CpG-ODN enhanced bone marrow-derived dendritic cell (DC) maturation in vitro....

Microglia are involved in physiological as well as neuropathological processes in the central nervous system (CNS). Their functional states are often referred to as M1-like and M2-like activation, and are believed to contribute to neuroinflammation-mediated neurodegeneration or neuroprotection, respectively. Parkinson's disease (PD) is one the most common neurodegenerative disease and is charac...

Naive T helper (Th) lymphocytes are induced to express the il4 (interleukin-4) gene by simultaneous signaling through the T cell receptor and the interleukin (IL)-4 receptor. Upon restimulation with antigen, such preactivated Th lymphocytes can reexpress the il4 gene independent of IL-4 receptor signaling. This memory for expression of the il4 gene depends on epigenetic modification of the il4 ...

To gain ample numbers of dendritic cells (DCs) for investigation, or for immunotherapy, the culture of DC precursors from bone marrow in either GM-CSF and IL-4 (GM/IL4-DCs) or Flt3L (FL-DCs) has often been used. Despite their common use, the relationship of these culture-derived DCs to those in vivo, and their relative potential for use in immunotherapy, needs further elucidation. In this study...

The secretion of Interleukin-4 (IL4) is the characteristic of T-helper 2 responses. IL4 is a cytokine produced by CD4+ T cells in response to helminthes and other extracellular parasites. It has a critical role in guiding antibody class switching, hematopoiesis and inflammation, and the development of appropriate effector T-cell responses. In this study, it is the first time an attempt has been...

We examined linkage between markers at and near the IL4 gene and atopic dermatitis (AD) in 88 Japanese nuclear families. Affected sib pair analysis suggested linkage between the IL4 gene and AD (SPLINK lod=2.28). Transmission disequilibrium testing showed a significantly preferential transmission to AD offspring of the T allele of the -590C/T polymorphism of the IL4 gene (p=0.001). A case-contr...