IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ (formerly IL-1F6, IL-1F8, and IL-1F9) are IL-1 family members that signal through the IL-1 receptor family members IL-1Rrp2 (IL-1RL2) and IL-1RAcP. IL-36Ra (formerly IL-1F5) has been reported to antagonize IL-36γ. However, our previous attempts to demonstrate IL-36Ra antagonism were unsuccessful. Here, we demonstrate that IL-36Ra antagonist activity is dependent upon ...

Objective(s): Interleukin-36 receptor antagonist (IL-36Ra) is a new member of the IL-1 family that exhibits anti-inflammatory activity in a variety of inflammatory and immune diseases. Our purpose was to determine the effect of IL-36Ra on liver injury in a mouse hepatitis model induced by concanavalin A (ConA). Materials and Methods: Mic...

The functional role of IL-1 family member 10, recently renamed IL-38, remains unknown. In the present study we aimed to elucidate the biological function of IL-38 and to identify its receptor. Heat-killed Candida albicans was used to stimulate memory T-lymphocyte cytokine production in freshly obtained human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy subjects. The addition of recombinant I...

IL-36α (IL-1F6), IL-36β (IL-1F8), and IL-36γ (IL-1F9) are members of the IL-1 family of cytokines. These cytokines bind to IL-36R (IL-1Rrp2) and IL-1RAcP, activating similar intracellular signals as IL-1, whereas IL-36Ra (IL-1F5) acts as an IL-36R antagonist (IL-36Ra). In this study, we show that both murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) and CD4(+) T lymphocytes constitutively exp...

Interleukin- (IL-) 38 is a recently discovered cytokine and is the tenth member of the IL-1 cytokine family. IL-38 shares structural features with IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and IL-36Ra. IL-36R is the specific receptor of IL-38, a partial receptor antagonist of IL-36. IL-38 inhibits the production of T-cell cytokines IL-17 and IL-22. IL-38 also inhibits the production of IL-8 induced by ...

IL-36Ra, a member of the IL-1 family, is an antagonist IL-36 receptor and inhibitory regulator cascade. Loss function mutations in IL36RN gene, which encodes have been demonstrated to enhance cascade subsequently activation MAPK NF-κB pathways, resulting neutrophil recruitment pustule formation skin by increased production chemokines such as IL-8 CXCL-1. Cutaneous inflammation caused dysregulat...

The IL-1 cytokine family includes eleven members, among which Il-36α, β and γ, IL-36Ra and IL-38. The IL-36 cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. IL-38 is also expressed in the skin and was previously proposed to act as an IL-36 antagonist. In this study, we thus examined expression and function of Il-38 in a mouse model of imiquimod (IMQ)-induced skin inflammation. Il-38 mRN...

BACKGROUND Cutaneous pustular disorders include generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP). OBJECTIVE To identify differences between GPP and AGEP, here we immunohistochemically evaluated interleukin (IL)-36 and the IL-23/Th17 axis. METHODS This retrospective comparative immunohistochemical study was completed using 11 biopsies of 11 cases of ...

Abstract Background The interleukin 36 (IL-36) family consists of three agonists (IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ), that activate the NF-κB pathway and lead to production pro-inflammatory cytokines natural antagonist (IL-36RA), which inhibits IL-36 signaling. While it is known signaling important in skin, has been only recently reported might play an role maintaining gut homeostasis development fibrosis...

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic Th2 type inflammatory skin disorder. Here we report that MyD88 signaling is crucial in the pathogenesis of experimental AD induced by vitamin D3 analog MC903. The clinical signs and inflammation caused by MC903 are drastically reduced in MyD88-/- mice with diminished eosinophil, neutrophil infiltration and Th2 cytokine expression. The biological effect of int...