BACKGROUND Impulsive forces in the knee joint have been suspected to be a co-factor in the development and progression of knee osteoarthritis. We thus evaluated the impulsive sagittal ground reaction forces (iGRF), shock waves and lower extremity joint kinematics at heel strike during walking in knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients and compared them to those in healthy subjects. SUBJECTS AND MET...

The International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) is updated every five years based on candidate model submissions by research institutions worldwide. In the call for the 11th generation of IGRF, candidates were requested for the definitive main field in 2005, the predicted main field in 2010, and the predicted secular variation from 2010 to 2015. The NOAA/NGDC candidate models for IGRF-11 w...

Abstract In December 2019, the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) Division V Working Group (V-MOD) adopted thirteenth generation Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF). This IGRF updates previous with a definitive main field model for epoch 2015.0, 2020.0, predictive linear secular variation 2020.0 to 2025.0. letter provides equations defining IGRF, spherical harmonic coe...

Abstract The International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) is a set of parameters representing the large-scale internal part Earth’s magnetic field. 13th generation IGRF requested candidate models for definitive main field 2015.0, provisional 2020.0, and predictive secular variation covering period 2020.0–2025.0. University Colorado (CU) National Centers Environmental Information (NCEI), Oce...

[1] The daily variation of the geomagnetic field during quiet time at equinox features a longitudinal dependence, which is observed in the dip-latitude/longitude frame. Two explanations are considered: (1) the longitudinal changes of the geomagnetic latitude at constant dip-latitude and (2) the longitudinal variations of the main field, which modulates the ionospheric dynamo e.m.f. and determin...

Abstract The three candidate models submitted by the British Geological Survey for 13th generation International Geomagnetic Reference Field are described. These DGRF and IGRF derived from vector scalar magnetic field data European Space Agency Swarm satellites ground observatories, covering period 2013.9 to 2019.7. internal model has time dependence degrees 1 15, represented order 6 B-splines ...

NGII(National Geography Information Institute) of Korea consigned KIGAM(Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources) to do absolute geomagnetic measurements on 32 geomagnetic repeat stations evenly distributed on the southern part of Korean Peninsula in the year 2010 and to produce geomagnetic field components’ distribution maps for the year 2010.0. The result of the processing of the mea...

Abstract In December 2019, the 13th revision of International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) was released by Association Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) Division V Working Group V-MOD. This comprises two new spherical harmonic main field models for epochs 2015.0 (DGRF-2015) 2020.0 (IGRF-2020) a model predicted secular variation interval to 2025.0 (SV-2020-2025). The were produced from cand...