macrophages accumulate in poorly vascularised and hypoxic sites including solid tumours, wounds and sites of infection and inflammation where they can be exposed to low levels of oxygen for long periods. up to date, different studies have shown that a number of transcription factors are activated by hypoxia which in turn activate a broad array of mitogenic, pro-invasive, pro-angiogenic, and pro...

Macrophages accumulate in poorly vascularised and hypoxic sites including solid tumours, wounds and sites of infection and inflammation where they can be exposed to low levels of oxygen for long periods. Up to date, different studies have shown that a number of transcription factors are activated by hypoxia which in turn activate a broad array of mitogenic, pro-invasive, pro-angiogenic, and pro...

Molecular oxygen (O2) is a key substrate for mitochondrial ATP production and numerous intracellular biochemical reactions. The maintenance of O2 homeostasis is therefore essential for the survival of most species. During O2 deprivation, mammalian cells rely on multiple adaptations mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), mTOR, autophagy, and the ER stress response. This SnapShot will ...