BACKGROUND Hypernatraemia is a frequent electrolyte disorder in hospitalized patients that has been mainly studied in an entire hospital population. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, concomitant electrolyte abnormalities and outcome of hypernatraemia in an internal medicine clinic. Also, we sought to identify differences between patients who were ad...

OBJECTIVE To report a rare association of central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) with hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (HHS). CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION A diabetic female presented with HHS and prolonged severe hypernatraemia. The metabolic derangement was adequately treated with proper correction of both hyperglycaemia and hypernatraemia. Lack of improvement in the presenting confus...

Hypernatraemia is a relatively frequent electrolyte abnormality in hospitalized patients, with reported incidences ranging from 0.65 to 2.23% [1]. Normally, when the serum sodium rises, thirst develops and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted. Hypernatraemia will not occur in individuals with an intact thirst mechanism and free access to water, due to a potent osmolar stimulus to drink. Hypot...

Neurological manifestations are quite common in hypernatraemia but subdural haematoma due to hypernatraemia is very rare in adult population. We report a case of 50 year old female patient who presented with acute acalculus cholecystitis who subsequently developed persistent hypernatraemia with multiple subdural haematomas and patient died. Patient died because of persistently raised intracrani...

Chronic hypodipsic hypernatraemia in the absence of clinical hypovolaemia, with normal renal function is rare, and has been reported principally in patients with known hypothalamic lesions.1'2 Hypernatraemia has been found in acute myeloid leukaemia, but only in association with diabetes insipidus.3 This appears to be the first reported case of chronic hypodipsic hypernatraemia complicating acu...

A case of extreme hypernatraemia (serum sodium 212 mmol/l) occurring in association with renal failure following a caecocystoplasty procedure is reported. The causative factors in extreme hypernatraemia are reviewed and an unusual reabsorptive mechanism via the transposed intestinal segment is proposed to explain the degree of hypernatraemia present in this case.

Fortunately, hypernatraemia is not a common problem, occurring in <1% of patients in an acute care hospital. It is serious, however, as hypernatraemia is correlated with a high mortality rate [1]. A major reason that hypernatraemia is so rare in conscious adults is the presence of powerful, highly regulated responses to a rise in plasma osmolality, namely thirst and anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) ...

BACKGROUND Hypernatraemia is common in critically ill patients and has been shown to be an independent predictor of mortality. Osmotic urea diuresis can cause hypernatraemia due to significant water losses but is often not diagnosed. Free water clearance (FWC) and electrolyte free water clearance (EFWC) were proposed to quantify renal water handling. We aimed to (i) identify patients with hyper...

OBJECTIVES Hypernatraemia is one of the major electrolyte disorders associated with mortality among critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICUs). It is unclear whether this applies to patients with cerebrovascular diseases in whom high sodium concentrations may be allowed in order to prevent cerebral oedema. This study aimed to examine the association between ICU-acquired hypernatraem...

OBJECTIVES To compare risks of hypernatraemia on admission to hospital in persons who were with those who were not identified as care home residents and evaluate the association of hypernatraemia with in-hospital mortality. DESIGN Retrospective observational study. SETTING A National Health Service Trust in London. PARTICIPANTS A total of 21,610 patients aged over 65 years whose first adm...