Purpose To report a rare presentation of the pericentral pattern of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinal toxicity in a Caucasian female. Observations The patient presented with 20 years of exposure to HCQ, at a daily dose of 5.2mg/kg of actual body weight, and manifested a pericentral-only phenotype of HCQ toxicity, as demonstrated with detailed structural and functional testing. Conclusions an...

PURPOSE While the long-term incidence of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy is low, there remains no definitive clinical screening test to recognize HCQ toxicity before ophthalmoscopic fundus changes or visual symptoms. Patients receiving HCQ were evaluated with spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) to assess the feasibility of identifying HCQ retinopathy at an early stage. ...

A 50-year-old male was prescribed with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) after osteoarthritis was diagnosed. He had an old nail infection of Aspergillus niger. A remarkable improvement of the symptoms of fungal nail infection was seen after about four weeks of treatment with HCQ. It was very hard to detect the symptoms in the end of the second month of the treatment, both in the finger and toe nails. Th...

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an important chiral drug used, mainly, in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and malaria, and whose pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties look to be stereoselective. Respecting the pharmacokinetic properties, some previous studies indicate that the stereoselectivity could express itself in the processes of metabolism, distrib...

Objective: This study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of minocycline versus hydroxychloroquine (hcq) as an add on therapy to methotrexate in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: This was a prospective open label, randomized, comparative, clinical study conducted in Pt. B. D Sharma, PGIMS, Rohtak. Fifty newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis patients were included in the stu...

OBJECTIVE To study maternal and fetal outcome of pregnancy in patients with lupus who were exposed to hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). METHODS The case records of women (n = 33) exposed to HCQ during their pregnancies (n = 36) and of 53 control patients from a single lupus pregnancy centre were reviewed to determine lupus activity, obstetric experience, and infant outcome. RESULTS HCQ was not appa...

BACKGROUND Therapeutic drug monitoring for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been suggested to assess nonadherence and optimize treatment efficacy in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. MATERIALS & METHODS After protein precipitation, HCQ and its metabolites, desethylhydroxychloroquine and desethylchloroquine were separated on a phenyl column and monitored by fluorescence detection. The method ...

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a clinical reaction pattern that is principally drug induced and this is characterized by acute, nonfollicular sterile pustules on a background of edematous erythema. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been widely used to treat rheumatic and dermatologic diseases and HCQ has been reported to be an uncommon cause of AGEP. A 38-year-old woman with a ...

PURPOSE To evaluate the relative involvement of inner and outer retina in hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy while on the drug, and after drug cessation, using data from spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). METHODS A total of 102 SD-OCT scans were obtained from 11 patients (classified as having early, moderate, or severe stages of toxicity) over a period of 4 years after c...

BACKGROUND Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy can accompany other retinal complications such as cystoid macular edema (CME), which leads to central visual loss. We report a case of CME with HCQ retinopathy that improved with the use of oral acetazolamide, and discussed the possible mechanisms of CME in HCQ retinopathy using multimodal imaging modalities. CASE PRESENTATION A 62-year-old pati...