The present work investigates the performance and emission characteristics of hydrous methanol fuelled Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine. In the present work a regular diesel engine has been modified to work as HCCI engine. Hydrous methanol is used with 15% water content in this HCCI engine and its performance and emission behavior is documented. A spark plug is used for ass...

The electrochemical characteristics of a mixture of Pt-black and WC powders and its catalytic activity for methanol and formic acid oxidation were investigated in acid solution. XRD and AFM measurements revealed that the WC powder employed for the investigation was a single-phase material consisting of crystallites/spherical particles of average size of about 50 nm, which were agglomerated into...

Atomic force microscopy has been used to examine the effect of surface morphology on the formation of HxMoO3 during the reaction of MoO3 with methanol. By heating MoO3 crystals in hydrous environments, pits can be formed on the (010) surface. We have found that pit formation is activated by elastic strain from extended defects and because of this, it is possible to exercise some degree of contr...

The use of hydrous ethanol DI fuel for knock avoidance in conjunction with PFI gasoline is investigated. The properties of the hydrous ethanol are described and constraints on the ethanol-water-hydrocarbon mixtures quantified. After a selection of the appropriate water-ethanol blends, calculations are performed using an engine simulation coupled to a kinetic calculation to determine the require...

hydrous manganese dioxide nanoclusters are prepared by the oxidation of manganese (ii) ions with ammonium persulfate and used as a new sorbent for ag+ ion removal from aqueous medium. the synthesized compound is characterized using scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, energy dispersive analysis of x-rays, x-ray diffraction and bet surface measurements. scanning electron micro...

This study investigated the effect of external carbon source and bed turnover rate on biological denitrification in the pilot-scale IPNR (Ilshin Phosphorus and Nitrate Removal) process. IPNR process is an up-flow reactor filled with Si-media which removes phosphorus physically and nitrate nitrogen biologically using secondary effluent from sewage treatment plant. Phosphorus (PO4-P) was removed ...

Introduction: In our Solar System the asteroid belt is compositionally zoned, with the asteroids similar in reflection spectrum to the carbonaceopus meteorites dominating the outer-half of the main belt. In the outer-half of the main belt about one-half of the carbonaceous asteroids are hydrous, based on their infrared spectra [1]. The asteroids in the inner-half of the main belt are predominan...

Under earth surface conditions, in ocean and natural water, calcium carbonate is ubiquitous, forming anhydrous and hydrous minerals. These hydrous phases are of considerable interest for their role as precursors to stable carbonate minerals. Atomistic simulation techniques have been employed here to perform a comprehensive and quantitative study of the structural and energetic stability of dry ...