the hijāb is a religious obligation based on numerous sources and jurisprudential arguments. some consider the hijāb as an individual and not a social issue, arguing that it essentially does not fall in the sphere of state interference and even other people’s intervention. the present paper discusses this important and critical issue within the responsibility domain of the islamic state. thus, ...

Women’s lack of legal veiling, as the non-feasance of a divine obligation in the Islamic society, is a criminal act for which the law has foreseen punishment. This behavior and its instances are called “tabarruj” (bedizenment) in the Islamic narrations. Notwithstanding the viewpoint of those who follow the superficial enlightenments of recent centuries and do not consider bedizenment so reprehe...