We quantify competition among traders by the Herfindahl Index. The index is widely used to assess market concentration and it is computed as the sum of the squared market shares. We study the market for liquidity provision. In an electronic limit order book, liquidity is provided by passive orders and a trader’s market share is the fraction of passive limit order volume that this trader provide...

The Laakso–Taagepera index (Laakso and Taagepera, 1979) has become the most commonly used measure to specify the ‘effective’ number of political parties in a party system where parties vary substantially in their vote and/or seat shares. It is well known that the Laakso–Taagepera index is the inverse of the even more widely used Herfindahl–Hirschman index of concentration (Hirschman, 1945; Herf...

This paper empirically examines the effect of market competition – measured either by the Herfindahl Index or the Lerner Index – on productivity growth and R&D intensity using micro data for Japan’s manufacturing sector. We found evidence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between competition and innovation when we use the Herfindahl Index as a measure of competition in the market. In additio...

Abstract The topic of finding effective strategies to restrain epidemic spreading in complex networks is current interest. A widely used approach for containment the fragmentation contact through immunization. However, due limitation immune resources, we cannot always fragment network completely. In this study, based on size distribution connected components network, designed a risk indicator o...

The paper analyses the impact of geographic innovation on Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in Taiwan in 2001 using 242 four-digit standard industrial classification (SIC) industries. We compute TFP by estimating Translog production functions with K, L, E and M inputs, and measure the geographic innovative activity using both Krugman's Gini coefficients and the location Herfindahl index. We also ...

The paper analyses the impact of geographic innovation on Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in Taiwan. Using 242 four-digit standard industrial classification (SIC) industries in Taiwan in 2001, we compute TFP by estimating Translog production functions with K, L, E and M inputs, and measure the geographic innovative activity using both Krugman's Gini coefficients and the location Herfindahl inde...