objective(s):  oxytetracycline (otc) is a broad spectrum antibiotic widely used for treatment of a wide range of infections. however, its improper human and animal use leads to toxic effects, including hepatonephrotoxicity. our objective was to evaluate protective effects of nigella sativa oil (nso) and/or ascorbic acid (aa), against otc-induced hepatonephrotoxicity in rabbits. materials and me...

We used a commercial enzymatic kit for measuring 7 alpha-hydroxylated bile acids to screen urines from normal subjects, liver-transplant recipients, and patients with various liver diseases, cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome, or cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX). Because of their high concentrations of 7 alpha-hydroxylated compounds excreted, the CTX patients were clearly distinguished from all ...

1. Arterial concentration and arterial-venous differences of glutamine across the kidney, forearm, hepato-splanchnic bed and brain were measured in patients with chronic renal insufficiency and in patients with normally functioning kidneys before and during chronic ammonium chloride acidosis. 2. In chronic renal insufficiency and in chronic metabolic acidosis there is a rise in glutamine releas...

Hepato-renal syndrome (HRS) is one of the most detrimental conditions in patients with end stage liver failure. Historically, HRS was considered a terminal disease associated with cirrhosis and was termed "liver-death syndrome". Furthermore, despite the improved understanding of pathophysiology and the reversibility of renal dysfunction in HRS, mortality remains extremely high especially for ty...