background: falciparum malaria is a severe health burden worldwide. antigen presenting cells are reported to be affected by erythrocytic stage of the parasite. malarial hemozoin (hz), a metabolite of malaria parasite, has adjuvant properties and may play a role in the induction of immune response against the parasite. objective: to determine the immunological impact of hemozoin on the capacity ...

Background: Falciparum malaria is a severe health burden worldwide. Antigen presenting cells are reported to be affected by erythrocytic stage of the parasite. Malarial hemozoin (HZ), a metabolite of malaria parasite, has adjuvant properties and may play a role in the induction of immune response against the parasite. Objective: To determine the immunological impact of hemozoin on the capacity ...

Plasmodium falciparum digests up to 75% of erythrocyte (red blood cell [RBC]) hemoglobin and forms hemozoin. Phagocytosed hemozoin and trophozoites inhibit important monocyte functions. Delipidized trophozoites and hemozoin were remarkably less toxic to monocytes. Parasitized RBCs and hemozoin contained large amounts of mostly esterified monohydroxy derivatives (OH-PUFAs), the stable end produc...

The incidence and global distribution of chloroquine resistant (CR) Plasmodium vivax infection has increased since emerging in 1989. The mechanism of resistance in CR P. vivax has not been defined. The resistance likely relates to the formation and disposition of hemozoin as chloroquine's primary mechanism of action involves disruption of hemozoin formation. CR P. berghei strains, like CR P. vi...

Malarial hemozoin may play an important role as a target for antimalarial drugs and in disease pathogenesis. A new assay for hemozoin was developed in which the hemozoin was separated from cells by filtration. Trophozoites have substantially more hemozoin than rings, but there are relatively small differences between chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains. The effects of hemozo...

In this work, hemozoin, a microcrystalline byproduct of the malaria parasites was studied by transmission Mueller matrix ellipsometry. Measurement data collected for different magnetic field orientations and as function density hemozoin suspension. Our ellipsometric study demonstrates alignment crystals via corresponding large linear birefringence dichroism signals. These results reveal optical...

Acute and chronic Plasmodium falciparum malaria are accompanied by severe immunodepression possibly related to subversion of dendritic cells (DC) functionality. Phagocytosed hemozoin (malarial pigment) was shown to inhibit monocyte functions related to immunity. Hemozoin-loaded monocytes, frequently found in circulation and adherent to endothelia in malaria, may interfere with DC development an...

BACKGROUND Hemozoin crystals are normally formed in vivo by Plasmodium parasites to detoxify free heme released after hemoglobin digestion during its intraerythrocytic stage. Inhibition of hemozoin formation by various drugs results in free heme concentration toxic for the parasites. As a consequence, in vitro assays have been developed to screen and select candidate antimalarial drugs based on...

The human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum detoxifies the heme byproduct of hemoglobin digestion in infected red blood cells by sequestration into submicron-sized hemozoin crystals. The crystal is composed of heme units interlinked to form cyclic dimers via reciprocal Fe─O (propionate) bonds. Templated hemozoin nucleation was envisaged to explain a classic observation by electron microsco...

Severe malarial anemia is the most common syndrome of severe malaria in endemic areas. The pathophysiology of chronic malaria is characterised by a striking degree of abnormal development of erythroid precursors (dyserythropoiesis) and an inadequate erythropoietic response in spite of elevated levels of erythropoietin. The cause of dyserythropoiesis is unclear although it has been suggested tha...