hedgehogs are small, nocturnal mammals that become popular in the world and have significant role in transmission of zoonotic agents. some of the agents are transmitted by ticks and fleas such as rickettsial agents. for these reason, a survey on ectoparasites in european hedgehog (erinaceus europaeus) carried out between april 2006 and december 2007 from different parts of urmia city, west azer...

Hedgehogs are small, nocturnal mammals that become popular in the world and have significant role in transmission of zoonotic agents. Some of the agents are transmitted by ticks and fleas such as rickettsial agents. For these reason, a survey on ectoparasites in European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) carried out between April 2006 and December 2007 from different parts of Urmia city, ...

Objective- The aim of this study was preparing detailed anatomic images of the thoracic cavity of the southern white-breasted hedgehog using the non-invasive computed tomography (CT) technique.Design- Descriptive study.Animals- Five southern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor) which is a species native to the Middle East, Anatolia, Transcaucasia, and Iran. Since some people...

background: ixodid ticks (acari: i̇xodidae) and fleas (siphonaptera) are the major vectors of pathogens threatening animals and human healths. the aim of our study was to detect the infestation rates of east hedgehogs ( erinaceus concolor ) with ticks and fleas in van province, eastern region of turkey. methods: we examined fleas and ticks infestation patterns in 21 hedgehogs, collected from thr...

from april 2009 to december 2011, 44 dead hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) were collected incidentally from areas of urmia, iran. the overall prevalence of helminth infections was 95.0%. specific parasites and their prevalences were: physalopteraclausa(93.0%), crenosoma striatum (61.0%), capillariaaerophila(9.0%), capillariasspp.(4.0%), brachylaemuserinacei(2.0%) and hymenolepiserinacei(16.0%). ...

OBJECTIVE Sonic hedgehog is produced in gastric epithelial cells and plays a crucial role in parietal cell function and the regulation of gastric epithelial cell differentiation. Emerging evidence suggests that the sonic hedgehog pathway is not only involved in the development of cancers but also in their progression and aggressiveness. METHODS To assess its prognostic value in gastric cancer...

As a major regulatory pathway for embryonic development and tissue patterning, hedgehog signaling is not active in most adult tissues, but is reactivated in a number of human cancer types. A major milestone in hedgehog signaling in cancer is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of a smoothened inhibitor Vismodegib for treatment of basal cell carcinomas. Vismodegib can block ligand-me...

The Drosophila Hedgehog protein and its vertebrate counterpart Sonic hedgehog are required for a wide variety of patterning events throughout development. Hedgehog proteins are secreted from cells and undergo autocatalytic cleavage and cholesterol modification to produce a mature signaling domain. This domain of Sonic hedgehog has recently been shown to acquire an N-terminal acyl group in cell ...