background & aim: although cold and heat have been recommended for labor pain relief, comparison of them and intermittent change in cold and heat therapy has been less considered. this study compared the effects of separate and intermittent heat and cold on labor pain relief and some birth outcomes . methods & materials : this was a randomized clinical trial. ninety-six parturient women were ra...

the objective of the present study is the synthesis of mwcnt-tio2 hybrid nanostructures by solvothermal synthesis method with ticl4 as precursor. the heat transfer enhancement due to the use of mwcnt-tio2 nanofluid was investigated. as-prepared hybrid materials were characterized by x-ray diffraction (xrd) and scanning electron microscopy (sem). the results showed that mwcnts were uniformly dec...

background: heat therapy is one of the natural treatments that can affect the information transferred by the proprioceptive receptors. heat has an effect on the conduction velocity of peripheral nerves, but the exact effect of two kinds of deep and superficial heat on the joint position sense is not known clearly. the present study aimed to compare the effect of deep and superficial heat on ank...

an investigation on the thermal performance of the soil as geothermal heat energy storage medium has been conducted. the thermal characteristics of the soil storage and the heat transfer from a heat exchanger in the soil, surrounding and bottom surface will be discussed. this investigation forms a contribution to a project to realize such storage to be charged from a solar heating system. this ...

in this paper, a new systematic design methodology has been developed for thes imultaneous energy and water minimization in multiple-contaminant systems that also feature maximum re-use of water. in addition to allowing re-use of water in multiple-contaminant systems, issues about heat losses and flowrate changes inside unit operations have also been incorporated in this new design method. to i...

heat stress is well recognized among the hazardous physical agents that might be present during work. this study aims to compare wbgt index at acclimated and unacclimated people to permissible threshold limit value and study the differences between physiological parameters at them. twenty one healthy men were participated in the study. all of the subjects were monitored in two different weather...

water and energy are key commodities utilized in the process industries.water minimization and energy minimization have been studied separately. in this paper, a new systematic design methodology has been developed for the simultaneous management of energy and water systems that also feature maximum re-use of water. in addition to allowing re-use of water, issues about heat losses inside unit o...