background: nitrous oxide (n 2 o) is the oldest anesthetic in routine clinical use and its occupational exposure is under regulation by many countries. as studies are lacking to demonstrate the status of nitrous oxide levels in operating and recovery rooms of iranian hospitals, we aimed to study its level in teaching hospitals of tehran university of medical sciences. methods: during a 6-month ...

governance and leadership are seen as the most important function in the realization and promotion of community health. this two components through legislation must identify present situation, determine the desirable situation, provide infrastructures and implementation mechanisms and in accordance with stated policies and planning, they should apply necessary monitoring and control. in this re...

rangeland health assessment provides qualitative information on ecosystemattributes. we examined changes in rangeland health in the zagros semi-arid rangelands ofiran at fixed sites between 2001 and 2011, over the 10-year period. the rangelandfragments significantly declines in the quality of the vegetation, and changes in plantspecies were driven largely by seasonality, and to a lesser extent,...

May/June 2012 become an issue in medical-legal cases. There are no national standards for setting parameters for EFM alerts or the timeframe expected for acknowledgement. Often default settings are determined when the system is installed and may vary widely from one institution to another. In many cases, the default settings can be altered by the clinician based on the individual patient situat...

It has been long recognized that large inter-individual variability is commonly observed in response to drug administration. The large response variability of certain drugs with narrow margin of safety may induce toxicity. To avoid this and to optimize the result of drug treatment, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) service has been routinely applied in hospitals in well-developed countries. For...