The dynamic analysis of the biomechanical model of the head load impact using the Differential Transform Method is presented in this paper. In many parts of the world, the problem of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) has led to neurodegenerative dementing disorders and diseases as a result of head load impact from sporting activities, accidents involving the head, etc. have serious effects on huma...

Recent studies have demonstrated the ability of subjects to adjust the control of limb movements to counteract the effects of self-generated loads. The degree to which subjects change control signals to compensate for these loads is a reflection of the extent to which forces affecting movement are represented in motion planning. Here, we have used empirical and modeling studies to examine wheth...

Cervical spinal loads are predominately influenced by activities of cervical muscles. However, the coordination between deep and superficial muscles and their influence on the spinal loads is not well understood. This study aims to document the changes of cervical spinal loads and the differential contributions of superficial and deep muscles with varying head postures. Electromyography (EMG) o...

OBJECTIVE To quantify the dynamic loads and intervertebral motions throughout the cervical spine during simulated rear impacts. METHODS Using a biofidelic whole cervical spine model with muscle force replication and surrogate head and bench-top mini-sled, impacts were simulated at 3.5, 5, 6.5, and 8 g horizontal accelerations of the T1 vertebra. Inverse dynamics was used to calculate the dyna...

The neck and spinal cord injuries associated with both traffic and sports accidents have tremendous socioeconomic effects on human quality of life. Validated computational models capable of predicting the neck response under impact loads are invaluable tools to evaluate strategies and preventive measures for head-first impact. A three-dimensional multi-body dynamics model of an existing experim...

External loads arising as a result of the orientation of body segments relative to gravity can affect the achievement of movement goals. The degree to which subjects adjust control signals to compensate for these loads is a reflection of the extent to which forces affecting motion are represented neurally. In the present study we assessed whether subjects, when speaking, compensate for loads ca...

Kinesin is a dimeric motor protein that transports organelles in a stepwise manner toward the plus-end of microtubules by converting the energy of ATP hydrolysis into mechanical work. External forces can influence the behavior of kinesin, and force-velocity curves have shown that the motor will slow down and eventually stall under opposing loads of approximately 5 pN. Using an in vitro motility...