Joint effect of chromium and titanium on structure and properties of hard castings is investigated in present work. It is determined that titanium neutralizes carbide-forming effect of chromium in the investigated concentration intervals. In the presence of titanium, the effect of chromium on hardness of samples is lower as compared to its individual effect. Therefore, addition of only chromium...

Layers of Fe-Cr-C Hard facing material containing various amounts of chromium were deposited on mild steel base metal. Optical Microscope (OM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SCM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to investigate the effect of chromium content of micro structural characteristics of Fe-Cr-C hard facing layers. The M7C3 carbide refinement mechanism exists on base metal. The exp...

A combined study of the crystalline structure, the chemical interaction, and diffusion processes of the substrate/layer interface of amorphous-carbon hard coatings is presented. The structure of the coatings and their gradient layer interface to a chromium buffer layer has been investigated on two substrates @Si~100! and tool steel# using x-ray diffraction ~XRD!. Chemical interaction and diffus...

From the standpoint of processing, hard chromium layer plate may be applied to steels, cast iron, aluminum and nickel base alloys. Cast iron can be plated provided that the surface is capable of conducting the required current and is reasonably free of voids, pits, gross silicate inclusions, and massive segregation. There are many difficulties arising from graphite phase and deposition of hydro...

Potential human exposure to airborne metals occurs in a broad number of government and civilian operations and processes. Included among these are hard chromium plating, firing ranges, metallurgy and metals processing, lead paint abatement, and decontamination and decommissioning activities at hazardous waste sites. Effective control of these fugitive emissions requires sensitive real time moni...