This study aims to evaluate the pollution by Heavy Metals (HMs) of the stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) and cork oak (Quercus suber L.) in dry- and wet- season, motivated by the road traffic, at the level of the forest of Hafir located in Tlemcen (Algeria). The distribution and the migration of 9 HMs in the green leave and needles and the litter (viz.dead leaves) were studied,...

Background: Coalition bombings on the night of 18–19 January 1991, early in the Gulf War, targeted the Iraqi chemical weapons infrastructure. On 19 January 1991, nerve agent alarms sounded within Coalition positions hundreds of kilometers to the south, and the trace presence of sarin vapor was identified by multiple technologies. Considering only surface dispersion of plumes from explosions, of...