background and aims: rubella is a contagious viral disease mostly with mild clinical symptoms and often remains undiagnosed. rubella infection may adversely affect pregnancy, especially in the first trimester and this mother to child transmission can cause congenital rubella and may be lead to permanent disability and mortality in children. effective rubella vaccine should be prepared using sui...

background and aims: vaccine is available, but fetal infection with rubella virus is still a main cause of congenital birth defects and mental retardation in many countries. mass vaccination campaigns and expanded program of immunization (epi) have increased vaccine coverage in the world with a substantial impact on the reduction of rubella infections, such as congenital rubella syndrome (crs)....

199 human serum samples were examined for the presence of myxovirus parainfluenza 3 (mpi 3)haemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibodies. or tbe total male sera, 75% and female 70.52% had hi antibody titers of t:32 or greater. the percentage of positive samples increased according to the age grouping of the human beings. these results indicate that mpi 3 virus infection is widespread among the h...

A comparison of haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques for the detection of antibodies against Newcastle disease virus in sera from persons working in poultry farms and veterinary vaccine institutes and from the general population revealed that 22% more sera were positive by ELISA compared to HI. No samples were negative by ELISA but positive ...

199 human serum samples were examined for the presence of myxovirus parainfluenza 3 (mpi 3) haemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibodies. or tbe total male sera, 75% and female 70.52% had hi antibody titers of t:32 or greater. the percentage of positive samples increased according to the age grouping of the human beings. these results indicate that mpi 3 virus infection is widespread among the ...

The dengue viruses belong to the family Flaviviridae, named after the prototype yellow fever virus, which has played a leading role in the development of the science of medical virology. Other important viruses in this family are the Japanese encephalitis virus, St. Louis encephalitis virus and tick-borne encephalitis virus. All these viruses are arthropod-borne viruses and are important causes...

Fowlpox (FP) is a serious disease in chickens caused by Fowlpox virus (FPV). One method currently used to control FPV is vaccination followed by confirmation that antibody titres are protective using the indirect haemagglutination assay (IHA). The direct haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay is not done because most FPV strains do not agglutinate chicken red blood cells (RBCs). A novel FPV st...

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Newcastle Disease in Lafia Local Government Area of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Five districts were selected which includes; Lafia central, Shabu, Kwandare, Assakio and Agyaragu. A total of 1,250 samples were randomly collected for a period of 18 months (June2011 to November, 2012). Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) Test was used to analyz...

Inactivated vaccines of Avibacterium paragallinarum provide protection and reduce the economic losses caused by infectious coryza. However, inactivated bacterins provide protection only against the Page serovars included in the vaccine. In this study, we investigated the immunological properties of a functional recombinant haemagglutinin protein (rHagA) derived from a Taiwan isolate strain A9 a...