1. The results of perturbation experiments demonstrate the functional diversity of the interneurons (HN cells) that generate heartbeat in the medicinal leech. 2. HN cells were individually stimulated by single current pulses. The induced activity of HN cells in the first four ganglia (cell pairs HN(1)-HN(4)) reset the rhythm of the interneuron network; induced activity of those in the fifth thr...

A*0372 JMDP01K043 AB535153 Kenji Tadokoro, Tokyo, Japan A*0373 BY00578 GU256011 Carolyn K Hurley, Washington DC, USA A*0374 BY00575 GU256014 Carolyn K Hurley, Washington DC, USA A*2511 BY00577 GU256012 Carolyn K Hurley, Washington DC, USA A*300205 BY00580 GU256009 Carolyn K Hurley, Washington DC, USA A*3033 JMDP01K045 AB535154 Kenji Tadokoro, Tokyo, Japan A*3034 BY00564 GU138062 Carolyn K Hurle...

To determine the role of untranslated regions (UTRs) in replication and pathogenesis of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), we generated recombinant viruses with deletions in 5' and 3' UTRs of the HN mRNA. Deletion of any HN UTR did not noticeably affect in vitro replication of these viruses. However, complete deletion of the 5' UTR of the HN gene decreased the HN mRNA levels and HN protein contents...

IntroductionThe role of post-operative radiation therapy (PORT) in early-stage Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is controversial. We analyzed the PORT preventing local recurrences (LR) among patients with low-risk, pathological stage I MCC based on location primary tumors: head/neck (HN) vs. non-head and neck (non-HN) sites.Materials/MethodsOne hundred forty-seven were identified that had “low risk”...

1. The effects of Phe-Met-Arg-Phe (FMRF)amide (10(-6) M) on membrane properties of heart interneurons in the third, fourth, and fifth segmental ganglia [HN(3), HN(4), and HN(5) cells, respectively] of the leech were studied using discontinuous current-clamp and single-electrode voltage-clamp techniques. FMRFamide was focally applied onto the soma of the cell under investigation. 2. Application ...

We have previously shown that the structural stability of humanin (HN), a neuroprotective peptide ligand, is one of the attributes to the observed activity differences between HN analogs. It has been observed that the activity increased consecutively in the S7A-HN analog, the parent HN and the S14G-HN analog, consistent with the increased stability observed in that order. In the present study, ...

The Paramyxoviridae family of enveloped viruses enters cells through the concerted action of two viral glycoproteins. The receptor-binding protein, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN), H, or G, binds its cellular receptor and activates the fusion protein, F, which, through an extensive refolding event, brings viral and cellular membranes together, mediating virus-cell fusion. However, the underlyi...

The Green Bank Telescope (GBT) Diffuse Ionized Gas Survey (GDIGS) traces ionized gas in the Galactic midplane by measuring $4-8$GHz radio recombination line (RRL) emission. nominal survey zone is $32.3^{\circ}> l >-5^{\circ}$, $|b|<0.5^{\circ}$, but coverage extends above and below plane select fields, additionally includes areas around W47 ($l \simeq 37.5^{\circ}$) W49 43^{\circ}$). GDIGS simu...

Adaptive channel equalization without a training sequence is known as blind equalization [1]-[11]. Consider a complex baseband model with a channel impulse response of cn. The channel input, additive white Gaussian noise, and equalizer input are denoted by sn, wn and un, respectively, as shown in Fig. 1. The transmitted data symbols, sn, are assumed to consist of stationary independently and id...

1. Inhibitory synapses among the central neurones involved in the generation of the heartbeat rhythm of the leech were blocked by either low Cl- physiological saline or presynaptic hyperpolarizing current. 2. Low Cl- saline reversibly blocked inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) from the HN cells onto both other HN cells and HE cells but did not block electrical coupling among HN cells. 3...