UNLABELLED Pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) are involved in fibrogenesis and oncogenesis by modulating the extracellular matrix. AIM To evaluate the effect of cellular stress on PSC activation using a model of normal human pancreatic tissue slices culture preserving the microenvironment. METHODS Thin sections (300 μm) of normal human pancreas were cultured under hyperoxia (90% O2) during 72 ...

Three monoclonal antibodies--H59, H71, and H72--which react with human breast cancers have been developed using the estrogen-dependent human breast cancer cell line, ZR-75-1, as the immunogen. H59 bound only to estrogen receptor-positive, estrogen-regulated breast cancer cells in culture, whereas H71 and H72 bound breast cancer cells irrespective of the estrogen receptor content. All three anti...

Monoclonal antibodies which bind to breast cancer have been used to evaluate the detection of metastatic disease in axillary lymph nodes. Three monoclonal antibodies (H59, H71, and H72) were reacted with tissue sections of primary tumors and axillary nodes from 24 mastectomy specimens and four specimens from glandular mastectomies for benign disease. All three antibodies had been shown to react...

The government for a jurisdiction has both capital and labor taxes at its disposal. It taxes mobile capital to finance the public good despite the desire to attract capital and despite the tax on immobile labor if capital incomes are distributed more unequally than labor incomes among the residents of the jurisdiction. The result extends to progressive taxes and to pure redistribution. JEL clas...

Using data from a large, U.S. federal job training program, we investigate whether enrolment incentives that exogenously vary the ‘shadow prices’ for serving different demographic subgroups of clients influence case workers’ intake decisions. We show that case workers enroll more clients from subgroups whose shadow prices increase but select at the margin weaker-performing members from those su...

Existing studies of fiscal policy interactions are based on single equation models of either taxation or expenditures, without specifying the underlying social welfare function, without taking account of budget constraints and without allowing for cost differences between jurisdictions. Taking all this into account, we derive an extended version of the linear expenditure system (LES) with polic...

To what extent do bond market reactions to an unexpected deficit shock depend on state-specific politics? To answer this question, we calculate German state bond spreads over government benchmark paper using information from Datastream for the period 2006-2010. We test for a variety of institutional and political factors. We find evidence that investors base risk perceptions on state specific e...

The currently adopted approach to avalanche hazard mapping in northern Italy includes avalanche dynamic modelling, coupled with statistical analysis of snow depth at avalanche start. The 30-years and 300-years return period avalanches at a given site are modelled and their run out zone and pressure are evaluated. The snow depth in the avalanche release zone is assumed to coincide with the three...

INTRODUCTION Early alterations in tissue oxygenation may worsen patient outcome following traumatic haemorrhagic shock. We hypothesized that muscle oxygenation measured using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) on admission could be associated with subsequent change in the SOFA score after resuscitation. METHODS The study was conducted in two Level I trauma centres and included 54 consecutive t...

In a Regression Kink (RK) design with a finite sample, a confounding smooth nonlinear relationship between an assignment variable and an outcome variable around a threshold can be spuriously picked up as a kink and result in a biased estimate. In order to investigate how well RK designs handle such confounding nonlinearity, I firstly implement Monte Carlo simulations and then study the effect o...