Socially monogamous male birds are predicted to maximise their reproductive success by pursuing extra-pair copulations (EPCs) while engaging in anti-cuckoldry behaviour such as mate guarding. In the stitchbird, Notiomystis cincta, high levels of forced EPCs and a high proportion of nestlings resulting from extrapair fertilisations lead to the prediction that males of this species should exhibit...

OBJECTIVE To characterize behavioral circumstances of bites to children by dogs presented to a veterinary behavior clinic. METHODS Retrospective case series examining medical records of dogs presenting by referral to a university veterinary hospital for aggression and which had bitten a child <18 years old. Behavioral data included age of victim, familiarity with dog, and circumstances of bit...

This paper proposes a new method for a three dimensional fuzzy model of pilot's performance for guarding a territory with a short-distance between two aircraft in an air combat task with a gun. A third-order nonlinear point mass vehicle model is considered for an aircraft's flight dynamics. The desired value of the velocity, the flight path and the heading angles are obtained from some derived ...

The question of why animals participate in duets is an intriguing one, as many such displays appear to be more costly to produce than individual signals. Mated pairs of yellow-naped amazons, Amazona auropalliata, give duets on their nesting territories. We investigated the function of those duets with a playback experiment. We tested two hypotheses for the function of those duets: the joint ter...

This thesis looks at how reproductive behavior and life history traits evolve under female-female competition, in the coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Previous studies of reproductive success in female fishes have ignored the contribution of behavior to reproductive success, and thus to natural selection. Reproductive success of individual females was studied for two years in a wild populati...

Understanding the costs and benefits of defending solitary females, or mate guarding, may be the key to understanding the evolution of monogamy in most mammals. Elephant-shrews, or sengis, are a unique clade of small mammals that are particularly attractive for studies of mate guarding. We studied the spatial organization of Eastern Rock Sengis (Elephantulus myurus) in KwaZulu-Natal, South Afri...

i * Corresponding Author, R. Ghasemi is with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Damavand Islamic Azad University, Damavand, Iran (email: [email protected] ). ii S.K.Y. Nikravesh is with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran (e-mail: [email protected]). iii M. B. Menhaj is with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir Un...