a 3-year-old wild gray wolf was referred to the department of veterinary clinical sciences of shirazuniversity with a history of car accident. the radiographic examination showed supracondylar distal femoralfracture in right leg. the wolf was pre-medicated by acepromazine followed by induction of anesthesia usinga combination of diazepam and ketamine. anesthesia was maintained by halothane. the...

A 3-year-old wild gray wolf was referred to the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences of ShirazUniversity with a history of car accident. The radiographic examination showed supracondylar distal femoralfracture in right leg. The wolf was pre-medicated by acepromazine followed by induction of anesthesia usinga combination of diazepam and ketamine. Anesthesia was maintained by halothane. The...

Dogs (Canis familiaris) were domesticated from the gray wolf (Canis lupus) at least 14,000 years ago, and there is evidence of dogs with phenotypes similar to those in modern breeds 4000 years ago. However, recent genetic analyses have suggested that modern dog breeds have a much more recent origin, probably <200 years ago. To study the origin of contemporaneous breeds we combined the analysis ...

In this study, the performance of the algorithms of whale, Differential evolutionary, crow search, and Gray Wolf optimization were evaluated to operate the Golestan Dam reservoir with the objective function of meeting downstream water needs. Also, after defining the objective function and its constraints, the convergence degree of the algorithms was compared with each other and with the absolut...

Introduction: In Iran, 95% of animal bites are attributed to domestic dogs and cats, while one-third of rabies victims are from wildlife. The wolf is one of the primary vectors of wildlife in the country. This study was aimed to assess the impact of wildlife on rabies transmission and to evaluate the efficacy of an oral rabies vaccine (ORV) in the gray wolf (Canis lupus pallipes). Methods: We s...

A modified variant of gray wolf optimization algorithm, namely, mean gray wolf optimization algorithm has been developed by modifying the position update (encircling behavior) equations of gray wolf optimization algorithm. The proposed variant has been tested on 23 standard benchmark well-known test functions (unimodal, multimodal, and fixed-dimension multimodal), and the performance of modifie...

The most widely accepted hypothesis of the origin of the dog, Canis familiaris, is that the dog is a domesticated gray wolf, Canis lupus. This paper reviews the evidence for this conclusion, finds many unanswered questions and conceptual gaps in the wolf origin hypothesis, and explores the alternative hypothesis that the most likely ancestor of the domestic dog was a medium-size, generalist can...

inappropriate waste management is considered as an important factor for attracting wild animals to the inhabited area. this leads to food conditioning in some wild species, which changes their feeding behavior and food habits. usually this trend reduces the fear of wild species and leads to conflict between wild species and human. we sampled five landfill sites of villages and small towns in wh...